An understanding of the nature of wastewater is essential in the design and operation of collection, treatment, and reuse facilities, and in the engineering management of environmental quality. To promote this understanding, the information in this chapter is presented in eight sections dealing with (1)an introduction to the constituents found in wastewater, (2)sampling and analytical procedures, (3) physical characteristics, (4)inorganic nonmetallic constituents, (5) metallic constituents

Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes and air emissions. The liquid waste-wastewater is essentially the water supply of the community after it has been used in a variety of applications. From the standpoint of sources of generation, wastewater may be defined as a combination of the liquid or water-carried wastes removed from residences. institutions and commercial and industrial establishments together with such groundwater

7-1 Introduction to the Activated-Sludge Process Historical Development The activated-sludge p now used routinely for biological treatment of municipal and industrial dge process date back to the early 1880s to the work of stewater in tanks and the hastening of the oxidation quently by a number of investigators, ility could be secured by e Experiment Station

笔者从事工厂和民用建筑给排水工程设计十多年,完成的设计项目达一百多 项,项目客户包括欧美、日本、韩国、台资、国内等企业及研究所,绝大部分为工 厂项目,少数有高层民用建筑。不同国籍客户会有不同的设计要求、不同的喜爱偏 好、不同的工程习惯,不同行业客户又有不同的行业特点与要求,民用建筑又有不 同于工厂建筑的要求与特点,每参与一个项目就是一次学习与增长见识的机会,每 完成一个项目都会有不同的体会和提高以下是笔者对十多年给排水设计工作的体 会与总结,希望能与业中同仁一起交流探讨共同提高,其中有的观点不一定成 熟,甚至可能是不正确的,欢迎多予批评指正

第一条编制原则 贯彻“多还旧账,少(不)欠新帐”的指导思想,遵循求真 务实、以人为本、突出重点、协调发展的原则,充分考虑淮河流 域水污染现状和经济发展水平,合理确定规划目标和指标,制定 可行的水污染防治方案,确保淮河流域集中式饮用水源地、跨省 界断面、城市重点水体水质改善,力争在规划期内达到国家环保 总局和四省人民政府签订的目标责任书的各项要求

8.1系统的校正 8.2串联校正

7.1时间响应的概念 7.2一阶系统的时间响应

6.1系统稳态误差的概念 6.2与输入信号有关的稳态误差

5.1系统稳定性的初步概念 5.2劳斯稳定判据

4.1频率特性的基本概念 4.2频率特性的图示方法