Development refers to the ways people grow, adapt, and change during their lifetimes. physical development, personality development, socioemotional development, cognitive development(thinking), and language development

The foundation of E.P.: before 1920s Wundt,1879: methodology James, “Talks to the teachers” 1899; “The principles of psychology”1890; Dewey: apply psychology to education

Educational psychology is to give tomorrow' s teachers the intellectual grounding and practical strategies needed to be effective as instructors

1918-1959, worked at Uni. of California. His stay at Uni. of California was interrupted, when he was dismissed for refusing to sign a loyalty oath. He led a fight against the loyalty oath as an infringement （违反，侵害） on academic freedom and was

Wertheimer came to the United States in 1933, shortly before the Nazis seized power in Germany

born in Berlin, Germany, in 1886 1903-1908, studied philosophy and psy. at the Uni.of Edinburgh in Scotland and Uni. of Berlin. 1910, went to work as assistants to Friedrich Schumann at the Psychological Institute in Frankfurt 1924, went to America and worked in Connel Uni., Wisconsin Uni. And Smith College till his death. Koffka introduced it to the United States and systematized Gestalt psychology into a coherent body of theories

“Any subject can by taught effectively to any child at any stage of development

“If I had to reduce all educational psychology just one principle, I would say this: The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly

The primary purpose of school is to give students the skills and knowledge necessary for them to function effectively as adults in reality

A concept is a category under which specific elements may be grouped.e.g. a red ball, a red pencil, and a red chair are all instances of the simple concept “red”. An “even number” is defined as any integer（整数） that is divisible by two without a remainder, and that an “odd number” is one that is not evenly(均匀地） divisible by two