高效液相色谱法是继气相色谱之后,70年代初期发展起来的一种以液体做流动相的新色谱技术。 高效液相色谱是在气相色谱和经典色谱的基础上发展起来的。现代液相色谱和经典液相色谱没有本质的区别。不同点仅仅是现代液相色谱比经典液相色谱有较高的效室和实现了自动化操作。经典的液相色谱法,流动相在常压下输送,所用的固定相柱效低,分析周期长

erivatives of the hydrocarbons are formed, by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms by other groups referred to as functional groups An alcohol is closely related to a hydrocarbon in that it contains an Oh group in place of a hydrogen atom. Thus, methyl alcohol, CH3 OH, is a derivative of methane, CH4; and ethyl alcohol

he term \organic\ appears to have been used for the first time about 1777 and was applied to those materials occurring in or derived from living organisms. Accordingly, such substances as starch, alcohol, and urea were classified as organic. for starch is produced by living plants, alcohol is a product of fermentation caused by

Groups bonded by only a sigma bond can undergo rotation about that bond with respect to each other. The temporary molecular shapes that result from rotation of groups about single bonds are called conformations of a molecule. each possible structure is called a conformer. An analysis of the ener changes associated with a molecule undergoing rotation about single bonds is called conformational analysis

许多物质能和氧气反应,都有一个控制不当引起 爆炸的问题。 氧化反应多为链反应机理。引起爆炸是因为它 是一种支链反应。不同于以前介绍的类型,它的特 点是在传递中一个自由基能产生一个以上的新自由 基。以前介绍的一个自由基产生一个新自由基的链 反应,相应称为直链反应

化学反应步骤: 基元反应一由反应物一步生成产物的反 应,没有可由宏观实验方法探测到的中间 产物。 复合反应——由两个以上的基元反应组合 而成的反应。组合的方式或先后次序称为 反应机理

1.各类平衡常数及其应用 (1)标准平衡常数。进行定义,并介绍主要的热力学 关系式(5-2)。 (2)实用的平衡常数KKK,KK等。按气相 化学反应、液态或固态混合物中的化学反应、溶 液中的化学反应、以及有纯液体或纯固体参与的 化学反应等分别进行推导和讨论,并举例介绍如 何计算平衡转化率(5-3,4,5,6)

相变化过程是物质从一个相转移到另 个相的过程,相平衡状态是它的极限 相平衡研究是化工生产过程选择分离方 法,设计分离装置以及实现最佳操作的理论 依据

统计力学的基本出发点 1.物质由大量的分子或粒子构成。 2.热现象是大量分子运动的整体表现,与 热现象有关的各种宏观性质(pVT关系、 热容、反应焓、传递性质、反应速率常 数等)可通过对相应微观性质的研究经 由统计平均得出

n this chapter First: to find relations between properties that might not be thought to be related to derive expressions for the variation of the g with Tand p Second: to introduce the chemical potential, a property that will be at the center of discussions in the remaining chapters of this part of the text; to derive expression of fugacity