Peptidoglycan Synthesis Transport of peptidoglycan precursors across the cytoplasmic. membrane to the growing point of the cell wall Outside Peptidoglycan Growing point of cell wall

Cell Biology Tool for studying microbiology: Microscopes and Microscopy Microscope: (a) Bright-field (b) Phase contrast (c) Dark-field (d) Fluorescence

Chapter 4 Metabolism, Biosynthesis and Nutrition Microbial Nutrition Laboratory Culture of Microorganisms Sterilization. Aseptic Technique, and Pure Cultures

Ribosomal RNAs as Evolutionary Chronometers Reasons: Ancient molecules Functionally constant Universally distributed Moderately well conserved in sequence across broad phylogenetic distances

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Genetic engineering: Isolation manipulation and expression of genetic materials. Gene cloning: Isolation and purification of specific genes In vitro recombination=recombinant DNA

Chapter 7 Regulation of Gene Expression Regulation of Enzyme Activity Constitutive enzymes -Enzymes induced by specific circumstances Two major modes of regulation in the cell Control the activity of preexisting enzymes Control the amount of an enzyme

Questions for Eukarya 1. List the Eukaryotic Microorganism you have learned. 2. Describe the differences between various eukaryotic microorganisms. 3. What do algea have various colors? 4. How to classify algae? 5. List six major algae and describe their characteristics you have learned?

Eukarva: Eukaryotic Microorganisms Algae: Phototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms Fungi: Nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms that contain rigid cell walls Slime molds: nonphototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls and that aggregate to form fruiting structures (cellular slime molds) or masses of protoplasm (acellular slime

Questions for Eukarya 1. List the Eukaryotic Microorganism you have learned Eukaryotic microorganism r Algae(ER3): phototrophic eukaryotic miroorganisms Fungi(真菌类): nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms that contain rigid cell walls

Questions for microbial ecology 1. What is Microbial Ecology and What do microbial ecologists study? 2. What is a microevironment? 3. Describe biofilms and their functions and significance in practical applications 4. What are the factors affecting microbial ecology? 5. List methods commonly used to study microbial ecology