I. Target decision设定谈判目标 Il. Collecting information收集情报 I. Staffing negotiation teams组建谈判小组 IV. Choice of negotiation venues选择谈判地点

1. Historical background The growth of mass-circulation periodicals created a rich market place for popular writers o WWi stands as a great dividing line between the 19th century and contemporary America o a sense of the failure of political leaders and a belief in the futility of hope dominated

The Background of American Realism The fifty years between the end of the Civil War to the outbreak of the First World War Changes in every aspect of American life

1. Historical Background Before 1860 the United States had begun to change into an industrial and urban society. In the years preceding the Civil War relatively few volumes of imaginative literature were published in the Us. But as the century progressed

1. Historical Background oo Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects o The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment

1. Historical Background 1607 Jamestown Colony, in Virginia. 1620 Plymouth Colony 1630 Massachusetts Bay Colony 1640 The Bay Psalm Book, the first publication in America

fiberfibre光纤,纤维 emerge[i'm:d]ⅵ.出现,形成,浮现 emergence[i'm:3ns]n.浮现,出现 haul[h:1jvt.用力托;n.拖,拉,拖运的距离 long-haul长运距的,长途的 trunk[tr∧k]n.干线,中继线,中继线路,局内线 dominate[' d om i ne i t]vt.支配,统治;处于支配地位

underground['^ n d agr a u n d]a.地下的 via['vaia]prep.经过,通过 keyboard[ki:b:d]n.键盘 visual[' vi zj ual]a.视觉的,光学的 originate[a' r i si ne i tJv.发生,开始 originating call发端呼叫

asynchronous[a'si6 k ranas]a.异步的 serial[' sirian]a.串行的,串联的 transmission[ t raen z'mi∫an]a.传输,发送 interface[ i n taf e i s]r.接口

11, Circuit Switching and Packet Switching destination[. de ti' n e i jan]n.目的地,终点 allocate[' aelak e i t]vt.分配,分派,配给 release[ri'li:s]vt.释放,放松,发布 Jargon[吗a:gan]n.行话,土语