In-group（内集团）二It's seen as group of people about whose welfare oneis concerned,withwhom oneis willingto cooperatewithoutdemandingeguitablereturns,andseparationfromwhomleadstodiscomfortorevenpain.Who is includedin one's in-groupis quite variable:thenuclearfamily,Asians,Americans,neighbors,fellownationalsIn extremely collectivist societies:thein-groupdominatesall aspectsof a person'slife.Inindividualistsocieties,onlycertainaspectsofaperson's life are influenced byin-groups
In-group (内集团） ◼ It’s seen as group of people about whose welfare one is concerned, with whom one is willing to cooperate without demanding equitable returns, and separation from whom leads to discomfort or even pain. ◼ Who is included in one’s in-group is quite variable: the nuclear family, Asians, Americans, neighbors, fellow nationals. ◼ In extremely collectivist societies: the in-group dominates all aspects of a person’s life. In individualist societies, only certain aspects of a person’s life are influenced by in-groups
Comparison:CollectivismandIndividualismIndividualistssee peopledealing primarilywithreality:other国peoplearejustoneaspectof reality.Collectivistsseepeopledealing primarily with other people;reality is dealt with throughthe mediator of'the group; the group,notthe individual, is whatdirectly confrontsrealityIndividualismholds thateveryperson is an end inhimself andthatnopersonshouldbe sacrificedforthesakeof anotherCollectivismholdsthatthe needs and goals of the individualaresubordinateto those of the largergroup and should be sacrificedwhenthe collective goodso reguiresIndividualism holdsthat theindividual isthe unit of achievementWhile not denying that one person can build on the achievementsofothers,individualismpointsoutthatachievementgoesbeyoncwhathas already beendone;it is somethingnew that is createdbytheindividual口Collectivism,on the otherhand,holds that achievementis aproduct of society.In this view,an individual is a temporaryspokesmanfortheunderlying,collectiveprocessofprogress
Comparison: Collectivism and Individualism Individualists see people dealing primarily with reality; other people are just one aspect of reality. Collectivists see people dealing primarily with other people; reality is dealt with through the mediator of the group; the group, not the individual, is what directly confronts reality. Individualism holds that every person is an end in himself and that no person should be sacrificed for the sake of another. Collectivism holds that the needs and goals of the individual are subordinate to those of the larger group and should be sacrificed when the collective good so requires. Individualism holds that the individual is the unit of achievement. While not denying that one person can build on the achievements of others, individualism points out that achievement goes beyond what has already been done; it is something new that is created by the individual. Collectivism, on the other hand, holds that achievement is a product of society. In this view, an individual is a temporary spokesman for the underlying, collective process of progress