Examples of Tumour Suppressor Genes APC Colon cancer BRCA1 Breast ovarian cancer BRCA2 Breast Cancer NF1 Neurofibromatosis(malignant neurofibromas) TP53 Brain, breast, Colon Liver, Lung carcinomas RB Retinoblastoma, Sarcomas bladder WT1 Wilm's tumour
Examples of Tumour Suppressor Genes APC Colon Cancer BRCA1 Breast & Ovarian Cancer BRCA2 Breast Cancer NF1 Neurofibromatosis (malignant neurofibromas) TP53 Brain, Breast, Colon, Liver, Lung carcinomas RB Retinoblastoma, Sarcomas, Bladder WT1 Wilm’s tumour
Changes in tumor cells Dominant Tumour Suppressor Oncogenes Genes Enhanced Reduced Activating Inactivating Gain in function oss of function Dominant Recessive
Dominant Oncogenes Tumour Suppressor Genes Enhanced Reduced Activating Gain in function Dominant Inactivating Loss of function Recessive Changes in tumor cells
Mechanism of mutations ● Point mutations ● Amplification o Translocation/ Rearrangements ●De| tions ● Altered Expression
Mechanism of Mutations • Point Mutations • Amplification • Translocation / Rearrangements • Deletions • Altered Expression
Point mutation SHE HAD ONE MAD CAT AND NE SAD RAT Change in single base-pair e. g G: C to A: T SHE HAD ONE BAD CAT AND ONE SAD RAT
Point Mutation Change in single base-pair e.g. G:C to A:T SHE HAD ONE MAD CAT AND ONE SAD RAT SHE HAD ONE BAD CAT AND ONE SAD RAT