I-16 User's guide Section 2 Constitutive Models: Theory and Implementation The theoretical formulation and implementation of the various built-in constitutive models are described in Section 2 in Theory and Background Section 3 Interfaces Theory and Background. a discussion on interface properties is also provided Fluid-Mechanical Interaction Section 1 Fluid-Mechanical Interaction The formulation for the fluid-flow model is described and the various ways to model fluid flow both with and without solid interaction. are illustrated in Section 1 in Fluid-Mechanical Interaction Structural Elements Section 1 Structural elements Section 1 in Structural Elements describes the various structural element models available in FLAC3D. These include beams, cables, piles, shells, liners and geogrids Optional Features Section 1 Thermal Option Section 1 in Optional Features describes the thermal model option, and presents several verification problems that illustrate its application both with and without interaction with mechanical stress and pore pressure Section 2 Creep Material Models The different creep material models available as an option in FLAC3D are described, and verification and example problems are provided in Section 2 in Optional Fea Section 3 Dynamic analysis The dynamic analysis option is described, and considerations for running a dynamic model are provided in Section 3 in Optional Features. Several verification examples are also included in this section FLAC3D Version 3.1
1 - 16 User’s Guide Section 2 Constitutive Models: Theory and Implementation The theoretical formulation and implementation of the various built-in constitutive models are described in Section 2 in Theory and Background. Section 3 Interfaces The interface logic is described and example applications are given in Section 3 in Theory and Background. A discussion on interface properties is also provided. Fluid-Mechanical Interaction Section 1 Fluid-Mechanical Interaction The formulation for the fluid-flow model is described, and the various ways to model fluid flow, both with and without solid interaction, are illustrated in Section 1 in Fluid-Mechanical Interaction. Structural Elements Section 1 Structural Elements Section 1 in Structural Elements describes the various structural element models available in FLAC3D. These include beams, cables, piles, shells, liners and geogrids. Optional Features Section 1 Thermal Option Section 1 in Optional Features describes the thermal model option, and presents several verification problems that illustrate its application both with and without interaction with mechanical stress and pore pressure. Section 2 Creep Material Models The different creep material models available as an option in FLAC3D are described, and verification and example problems are provided in Section 2 in Optional Features. Section 3 Dynamic Analysis The dynamic analysis option is described, and considerations for running a dynamic model are provided in Section 3 in Optional Features. Several verification examples are also included in this section. FLAC3D Version 3.1
INTRODUCTION I-17 Section 4 Writing New Constitutive models Users can write their own constitutive models for incorporation into FLAC3D. The models are written in C++, and compiled as a dll file( dynamic link library )that can be loaded whenever it is needed. The procedure to create new models is described in Section 4 in Optional Features Hexahedral- Meshing Preprocessor--3DShop Section 1 3DShop 3DShop is a hexahedral-meshing preprocessor that enables the creation of complex meshes for FLAC3D. 3DShop uncouples the model building from the meshing pro- cess. The model is built via a menu-driven graphical interface, and then meshed using a fully automatic all-hexahedral mesh generator. See Section I in the Hexahedral- Meshing Preprocessor--3DShop volume for details Verification problems This volume contains a collection of FLAC3D verification problems. These are tests in which a FLAC 3D solution is compared directly to an analytical (i.e, closed-form solution. See Table 1 in the verifications volume for a list of the verification problems Example applications This volume contains example applications of FLAC3D that demonstrate the various classes of problems to which FLAC3D may be applied. See Table l in the Examples volume for a list of the example applications FLAC3D Version 3.1
INTRODUCTION 1 - 17 Section 4 Writing New Constitutive Models Users can write their own constitutive models for incorporation into FLAC3D. The models are written in C++, and compiled as a DLL file (dynamic link library) that can be loaded whenever it is needed. The procedure to create new models is described in Section 4 in Optional Features. Hexahedral-Meshing Preprocessor — 3DShop Section 1 3DShop 3DShop is a hexahedral-meshing preprocessor that enables the creation of complex meshes for FLAC3D. 3DShop uncouples the model building from the meshing process. The model is built via a menu-driven graphical interface, and then meshed using a fully automatic all-hexahedral mesh generator. See Section 1 in the HexahedralMeshing Preprocessor — 3DShop volume for details. Verification Problems This volume contains a collection of FLAC3D verification problems. These are tests in which a FLAC3D solution is compared directly to an analytical (i.e., closed-form) solution. See Table 1 in the Verifications volume for a list of the verification problems. Example Applications This volume contains example applications of FLAC3D that demonstrate the various classes of problems to which FLAC3D may be applied. See Table 1 in the Examples volume for a list of the example applications. FLAC3D Version 3.1
I-18 User's guide 1.7 Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. is more than a developer and distributor of engineering software Itasca is a consulting and research firm comprised of a specialized team of civil, geotechnical and mining engineers with an established record in solving problems in the areas of Civil Engi Ineerin Mining Engineering and Energy Resource Recovery Nuclear Waste Isolation and Underground Space Defense research Software Engineering Groundwater Analysis and Dewatering Itasca was established in 1981 to provide advanced rock mechanics services to the mining industry Today, Itasca is a multidisciplinary geotechnical firm with 60 professionals in offices worldwide The corporate headquarters for Itasca is located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Worldwide offices of Itasca are operated as subsidiaries of HCltasca, Inc. Hydrologic Consultants, Inc.(Denver, Colorado); Itasca Geomekanik AB (Stockholm, Sweden); Itasca Consultants S.A. (Ecully, france); Itasca Consultants GmbH ( Gelsenkirchen, Germany); Itasca Consultores S.L.(Llanera, Spain); ItascaS.A ( Santiago, Chile): Itasca Africa (Johannesburg, South Africa); Itasca Consultants Canada Inc(Sudbury, Canada); and Itasca Consulting China, Ltd(Wuhan, China) Itasca's staff members are internationally recognized for their accomplishments in geological, min- ing and civil engineering projects. Itasca staff consists of geological, mining, hydrological and civil engineers who provide a range of comprehensive services such as(1) computational anal- ysis in support of geo-engineering designs, (2)design and performance of field experiments and demonstrations, (3)laboratory characterization of rock properties, (4)data acquisition, analysis, and system identification, (5) groundwater modeling, and(6)short courses and instruction in the geomechanics application of computational methods. If you should need assistance in any of these areas, we would be glad to offer our services Itasca Consulting Group is a subsidiary of HCltasca, Inc. HCltasca was formed in 1999 with the merger of Hydrologic Consultants, Inc.(HCI)of Denver, Colorado with Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. of Minneapolis, Minnesota. HCI adds advanced groundwater modeling and dewatering expertise to Itasca. FLAC3D Version 3.1
1 - 18 User’s Guide 1.7 Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. is more than a developer and distributor of engineering software. Itasca is a consulting and research firm comprised of a specialized team of civil, geotechnical and mining engineers with an established record in solving problems in the areas of: Civil Engineering Mining Engineering and Energy Resource Recovery Nuclear Waste Isolation and Underground Space Defense Research Software Engineering Groundwater Analysis and Dewatering Itasca was established in 1981 to provide advanced rock mechanics services to the mining industry. Today, Itasca is a multidisciplinary geotechnical firm with 60 professionals in offices worldwide. The corporate headquarters for Itasca is located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Worldwide offices of Itasca are operated as subsidiaries of HCItasca, Inc.: Hydrologic Consultants, Inc. (Denver, Colorado); Itasca Geomekanik AB (Stockholm, Sweden); Itasca Consultants S.A. (Ecully, France); Itasca Consultants GmbH (Gelsenkirchen, Germany); Itasca Consultores S.L. (Llanera, Spain); Itasca S.A. (Santiago, Chile); Itasca Africa (Johannesburg, South Africa); Itasca Consultants Canada Inc. (Sudbury, Canada); and Itasca Consulting China, Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Itasca’s staff members are internationally recognized for their accomplishments in geological, mining and civil engineering projects. Itasca staff consists of geological, mining, hydrological and civil engineers who provide a range of comprehensive services such as (1) computational analysis in support of geo-engineering designs, (2) design and performance of field experiments and demonstrations, (3) laboratory characterization of rock properties, (4) data acquisition, analysis, and system identification, (5) groundwater modeling, and (6) short courses and instruction in the geomechanics application of computational methods. If you should need assistance in any of these areas, we would be glad to offer our services. Itasca Consulting Group is a subsidiary of HCItasca, Inc. HCItasca was formed in 1999 with the merger of Hydrologic Consultants, Inc. (HCI) of Denver, Colorado with Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. of Minneapolis, Minnesota. HCI adds advanced groundwater modeling and dewatering expertise to Itasca. FLAC3D Version 3.1
INTRODUCTION 1-19 1.8 User Support We believe that the support Itasca provides to code users is a major reason for the popularity of our software. We encourage you to contact us when you have a modeling question. We provide a timely response via telephone, electronic mail or fax. General assistance in the installation of FLAC on your computer, plus answers to questions concerning capabilities of the various features of the code, are provided free of charge. Technical assistance for specific user-defined problems can be purchased on an as-needed basis If you have a question, or desire technical support, please contact us at Itasca Consulting Group, Inc Mill Place 111 Third Avenue south Suite 450 Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401 USA Phone:(+1)612-371-4711 Fax:(+1)6123714717 Email:software@itascacg.com Web www.itascacg.com We also have a worldwide network of code agents who provide local technical support. Details may be obtained from Itasc FLAC3D Version 3.1
INTRODUCTION 1 - 19 1.8 User Support We believe that the support Itasca provides to code users is a major reason for the popularity of our software. We encourage you to contact us when you have a modeling question. We provide a timely response via telephone, electronic mail or fax. General assistance in the installation of FLAC3D on your computer, plus answers to questions concerning capabilities of the various features of the code, are provided free of charge. Technical assistance for specific user-defined problems can be purchased on an as-needed basis. If you have a question, or desire technical support, please contact us at: Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. Mill Place 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 450 Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401 USA Phone: (+1) 612-371-4711 Fax: (+1) 612·371·4717 Email: software@itascacg.com Web: www.itascacg.com We also have a worldwide network of code agents who provide local technical support. Details may be obtained from Itasca. FLAC3D Version 3.1
I-20 User's guide 1.9 References Byrne, P. A Cyclic Shear-Volume Coupling and Pore-Pressure Model for Sand, in Proceedings Second International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil Dynamics(St. Louis, Missouri, March, 1991), Paper No. 1. 24, 47-55 Marti, J, and P. A. Cundall. Mixed Discretization Procedure for Accurate Solution of Plasticity Problems Int J Num. Methods and Anal. Methods in Geomech.6.129-139. 1982 FLAC3D Version 3.1
1 - 20 User’s Guide 1.9 References Byrne, P. “A Cyclic Shear-Volume Coupling and Pore-Pressure Model for Sand,” in Proceedings: Second International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics (St. Louis, Missouri, March, 1991), Paper No. 1.24, 47-55. Marti, J., and P. A. Cundall. “Mixed Discretization Procedure for Accurate Solution of Plasticity Problems,” Int. J. Num. Methods and Anal. Methods in Geomech., 6, 129-139, 1982. FLAC3D Version 3.1