INTRODUCTION gettetstress gets the stress components from a specific tetrahedra in an over- -puttetstress puts stress components into a specific tetrahedra in an overlay z- tetgps gets the gridpoints associated with a specific tetrahedra in an overlay z-nsmalltetvol returns the volume of the smallest tetrahedra in an overlay z-geomtest returns 0 if zone has bad geometry, I if good z⊥ islive returns 1 if the zone contains any"live "mechanical, fluid or thermal model gp_near_IIve returns a"live" gridpoint nearest to an x y, z location zone_near_live returns a"live"zone nearest to an x y z location The following FISH property functions have been added to support the embedded liner sl_csncut2 ide 2 coupling spring tensile strength s csnk2 side 2 normal coupling spring stiffness sl_csscoh2 side 2 shear coupling spring cohesion sl_ csscohres2 side 2 shear coupling spring residual cohesion sI. csscoh2 side 2 shear coupling spring friction angle sl_cssk2 side 2 shear coupling spring stiffness embedded returns 1 if the liner is embedded.0 if not nd link2 returns the side link associated with an embedded liner node lk side returns 1 if the link is a side l link, returns 2 if it is a side 2 link 1. 4.8 New commands The following new commands have been added to FLac3d 3. 1(see the Command Reference volume for more details) SET visible keyword Prior to FLAC3D 3. 1, it was awkward to contour zone or gridpoint related quantities when the model contained a null mechanical model and a fluid or thermal-related quantity was being contoured(null mechanical zones were never plotted ) With a keyword of mechanical fluid or thermal this command tells flac3d which zones to consider as visible when plotting FLAC3D Version 3.1
INTRODUCTION 1 - 11 z gettetstress gets the stress components from a specific tetrahedra in an overlay z puttetstress puts stress components into a specific tetrahedra in an overlay z tetgps gets the gridpoints associated with a specific tetrahedra in an overlay z nsmalltetvol returns the volume of the smallest tetrahedra in an overlay z geomtest returns 0 if zone has bad geometry, 1 if good z islive returns 1 if the zone contains any “live” mechanical, fluid or thermal model gp near live returns a “live” gridpoint nearest to an x,y,z location zone near live returns a “live” zone nearest to an x,y,z location The following FISH property functions have been added to support the embedded liner: sl csncut2 side 2 coupling spring tensile strength sl csnk2 side 2 normal coupling spring stiffness sl csscoh2 side 2 shear coupling spring cohesion sl csscohres2 side 2 shear coupling spring residual cohesion sl csscoh2 side 2 shear coupling spring friction angle sl cssk2 side 2 shear coupling spring stiffness sl embedded returns 1 if the liner is embedded, 0 if not nd link2 returns the side2 link associated with an embedded liner node lk side returns 1 if the link is a side1 link, returns 2 if it is a side2 link 1.4.8 New Commands The following new commands have been added to FLAC3D 3.1 (see the Command Reference volume for more details): SET visible keyword Prior to FLAC3D 3.1, it was awkward to contour zone or gridpointrelated quantities when the model contained a null mechanical model, and a fluid or thermal-related quantity was being contoured (null mechanical zones were never plotted). With a keyword of mechanical, fluid or thermal, this command tells FLAC3D which zones to consider as visible when plotting. FLAC3D Version 3.1
I-12 User's guide links two separate structural elements together. For example, a cable can be connected to a liner with this command refine ubdivides existing segments of a lD structural element(cable, beam or pile)into more segments processor On a multiple processor system, this command will limit the num- ber of processors used by FLAC3D 3. 1 when performing mechanical calculations on the main grid FLACEXTRUDE calls the FLAC 5.0 grid extrusion tool nmd on/off For grids containing tetrahedral zones, the nodal mixed discretization technique can be enabled or disabled during the mechanical compu- 1.4.9 Revised Example applications Several existing examples were modified to use the NMD feature. In the verification Problems volume, the following problems have been extended to use NMD: Section 1, Section 3, and Section 5 Also, a user-defined FISH function for relaxing stresses in excavations is provided(see ZoNK3D FIS in Section 3.3.1.2) FLAC3D Version 3.1
1 - 12 User’s Guide SEL join links two separate structural elements together. For example, a cable can be connected to a liner with this command. SEL refine subdivides existing segments of a 1D structural element (cable, beam or pile) into more segments. SET processor On a multiple processor system, this command will limit the number of processors used by FLAC3D 3.1 when performing mechanical calculations on the main grid. FLACEXTRUDE calls the FLAC 5.0 grid extrusion tool. SET nmd on/off For grids containing tetrahedral zones, the nodal mixed discretization technique can be enabled or disabled during the mechanical computations. 1.4.9 Revised Example Applications Several existing examples were modified to use the NMD feature. In the Verification Problems volume, the following problems have been extended to use NMD: Section 1, Section 3, and Section 5. Also, a user-defined FISH function for relaxing stresses in excavations is provided (see “ZONK3D.FIS” in Section 3.3.1.2). FLAC3D Version 3.1
INTRODUCTION 1-13 1.5 Fields of Application FLAC3D was developed primarily for geotechnical engineering applications. Section 6 contains a bibliography of publications on the application of FLaC3D to geotechnical problems in the fields of mining, underground engineering, rock mechanics and research Some possible applications of FLAC3D are noted below. Because FLAC3D now has essentially the same capabilities of FLAC, many of the FLAC applications can now be extended into three dimensions with FLac 3D mechanical loading capacity and deformations--in slope stability and foundation design; evolution of progressive failure and collapse- in hard rock mine and tunnel design e factor-of-safety calculation -in stability analyses for earth structures, embankments and slopes evaluation of the influence of fault structures- in mine design; restraint provided by cable support on geologic materials -in rock bolting, tiebacks and soll nalling fully and partially saturated fuid fow, and pore-pressure build-up and dissipation for undrained and drained loading-in groundwater flow and consolidation studies of earth- retaining structures, time-dependent creep behavior of viscous materials- in salt and potash mine design dynamic loading on slip-prone geologic structures -in earthquake engineering and mine rockburst studies dynamic effects of explosive loading and vibrations- in tunnel driving or in mining operations seismic excitation of structures- in earth dam design deformation and mechanical instability resulting from thermal-induced loads- in per- formance assessment of underground repositories of high-level radioactive waste; and analysis of highly deformable materials -in bulk flow of materials in bins and mine FLAC3D Version 3.1
INTRODUCTION 1 - 13 1.5 Fields of Application FLAC3D was developed primarily for geotechnical engineering applications. Section 6 contains a bibliography of publications on the application of FLAC3D to geotechnical problems in the fields of mining, underground engineering, rock mechanics and research. Some possible applications of FLAC3D are noted below. Because FLAC3D now has essentially the same capabilities of FLAC, many of the FLAC applications can now be extended into three dimensions with FLAC3D : • mechanical loading capacity and deformations — in slope stability and foundation design; • evolution of progressive failure and collapse — in hard rock mine and tunnel design; • factor-of-safety calculation — in stability analyses for earth structures, embankments and slopes; • evaluation of the influence of fault structures — in mine design; • restraint provided by cable support on geologic materials — in rock bolting, tiebacks and soil nailing; • fully and partially saturated fluid flow, and pore-pressure build-up and dissipation for undrained and drained loading — in groundwater flow and consolidation studies of earthretaining structures; • time-dependent creep behavior of viscous materials — in salt and potash mine design; • dynamic loading on slip-prone geologic structures — in earthquake engineering and mine rockburst studies; • dynamic effects of explosive loading and vibrations — in tunnel driving or in mining operations; • seismic excitation of structures — in earth dam design; • deformation and mechanical instability resulting from thermal-induced loads — in performance assessment of underground repositories of high-level radioactive waste; and • analysis of highly deformable materials — in bulk flow of materials in bins and mine caving. FLAC3D Version 3.1
14 User's guide 1.6 Guide to the flac3d manual The FLAC3D Version 3. 1 manual consists of ten documents. This document the User's Guide. is the main guide to using FLAC3D and contains descriptions of the features and capabilities of the pro- gram, along with recommendations on the best use of FLaC3D for problem solving. The remaining documents cover various aspects of FLAC3D, including theoretical background information, veri- fication testing and example applications. The complete manual is available in electronic format on the FLAC3D CD-ROM(viewed with Acrobat Reader * ) as well as in paper format. Specific topics or keywords can be found across all volumes by implementing the search facility available in acrobat The organization of the ten documents, and brief summaries of the contents of each section, follows Please note that if you are viewing the manual in the Acrobat Reader, double-clicking on a section number given below will immediately open that section for viewing User's guide Section 1 Introduction This section introduces you to FLAC3D and its capabilities and features. An overview of the new features in the latest version of FLac 3D is also provided Section 2 Getting Started If you are just beginning to use FLac3D, or use it only occasionally, we recommend that you read Section 2. This section provides instructions on installation and op eration of the program, as well as recommended procedures for running FLAC3D analyses Section 3 Problem Solving Section 3 is a guide to practical problem solving. Turn to this section once you are familiar with the program operation. Each step in a FLAC3D analysis is discussed in detail, and advice is given on the most effective procedures to follow when creating solving and interpreting a FLac3D model simulation Section 4 FISH Beginner's Guide Section 4 provides the new user with an introduction to the FIsH programming anguage in FLac3D. This includes a tutorial on the use of the fish language FiSH is described in detail in Section 2 in the FiSh volume *"Acrobat(r) Reader copyright(C)1987-2006, Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved Adobe and acrobat are trademarks of Adobe systems Incorporated FLAC3D Version 3.1
1 - 14 User’s Guide 1.6 Guide to the FLAC3D Manual The FLAC3D Version 3.1 manual consists of ten documents. This document, the User’s Guide, is the main guide to using FLAC3D and contains descriptions of the features and capabilities of the program, along with recommendations on the best use of FLAC3D for problem solving. The remaining documents cover various aspects of FLAC3D, including theoretical background information, veri- fication testing and example applications. The complete manual is available in electronic format on the FLAC3D CD-ROM (viewed with Acrobat Reader*), as well as in paper format. Specific topics or keywords can be found across all volumes by implementing the search facility available in Acrobat. The organization of the ten documents, and brief summaries of the contents of each section, follows. Please note that if you are viewing the manual in the Acrobat Reader, double-clicking on a section number given below will immediately open that section for viewing. User’s Guide Section 1 Introduction This section introduces you to FLAC3D and its capabilities and features. An overview of the new features in the latest version of FLAC3D is also provided. Section 2 Getting Started If you are just beginning to use FLAC3D, or use it only occasionally, we recommend that you read Section 2. This section provides instructions on installation and operation of the program, as well as recommended procedures for running FLAC3D analyses. Section 3 Problem Solving Section 3 is a guide to practical problem solving. Turn to this section once you are familiar with the program operation. Each step in a FLAC3D analysis is discussed in detail, and advice is given on the most effective procedures to follow when creating, solving and interpreting a FLAC3D model simulation. Section 4 FISH Beginner’s Guide Section 4 provides the new user with an introduction to the FISH programming language in FLAC3D. This includes a tutorial on the use of the FISH language. FISH is described in detail in Section 2 in the FISH volume. * “Acrobat(R) Reader copyright (C) 1987-2006, Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.” FLAC3D Version 3.1
INTRODUCTION 1-15 Section 5 Miscellaneous Various information is contained in this section. including the flac d runtime Descriptions of utility files to assist with FLAC 3D operation are also gire support benchmark and procedures for reporting errors and requesting technical Section 6 Bibliography This section contains a bibliography of published papers describing some uses of FLAC3D Command reference Section 1 Command Reference All the commands that can be entered in the command-driven mode in flac3d are described in section 1 in the command reference FH in FLac3d Section 1 FISH Beginner's guide Section I in the FIsH volume provides the new user with an introduction to FISH programming language in FLAC3D. This includes a tutorial on the use of c the FISH language Section 2 FISH Reference Section 2 in the FiSh volume contains a detailed reference to the fISh language All FISH statements, variables and functions are explained and examples given Section 3 Library of FISH Functions A library of common and general purpose FISH functions is given in Section 3 in the FISH volume. These functions can assist with various aspects of FLAC3D model generation and solution Theory and Background Section 1 Theoretical Background The theoretical formulation for FLAC3D is described in detail in Section I in Theory and Background. This includes both the description of the mathematical model that describes the mechanics of a system and the numerical implementation FLAC3D Version 3.1
INTRODUCTION 1 - 15 Section 5 Miscellaneous Various information is contained in this section, including the FLAC3D runtime benchmark and procedures for reporting errors and requesting technical support. Descriptions of utility files to assist with FLAC3D operation are also given. Section 6 Bibliography This section contains a bibliography of published papers describing some uses of FLAC3D. Command Reference Section 1 Command Reference All the commands that can be entered in the command-driven mode in FLAC3D are described in Section 1 in the Command Reference. FISH in FLAC3D Section 1 FISH Beginner’s Guide Section 1 in the FISH volume provides the new user with an introduction to the FISH programming language in FLAC3D. This includes a tutorial on the use of the FISH language. Section 2 FISH Reference Section 2 in the FISH volume contains a detailed reference to the FISH language. All FISH statements, variables and functions are explained and examples given. Section 3 Library of FISH Functions A library of common and general purpose FISH functions is given in Section 3 in the FISH volume. These functions can assist with various aspects of FLAC3D model generation and solution. Theory and Background Section 1 Theoretical Background The theoretical formulation for FLAC3D is described in detail in Section 1 in Theory and Background. This includes both the description of the mathematical model that describes the mechanics of a system and the numerical implementation. FLAC3D Version 3.1