EUROPEAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS PROFESSOR CARLOS ALBA Interests and groups Pressure groups o formed voluntarily by people who wish to protect or promote a common interest or cause unlike parties, have no wish to become the government of their country, and compared with parties have a narrow range of concerns, most of which are non-political o a wide variety of means to exercise infiuence, from mass demonstrations to writing letters to epresentatives Interest Cause people in thei groups Promote ideas occupational not related to capacity nal material nterest of members associations E.g. Business professional and New social trade union movements organizations E.g. Voluntary associations
European Political Systems Professor Carlos Alba Pressure groups formed voluntarily by people who wish to protect or promote a common interest or cause unlike parties, have no wish to become the government of their country, and compared with parties have a narrow range of concerns, most of which are non-political a wide variety of means to exercise influence, from mass demonstrations to writing letters to representatives Main types: Represent people in their occupational capacity E.g. Business, professional and trade union organizations Interest groups Promote ideas not related to personal or material interest of members E.g. Voluntary associations Cause groups Peak associations New social movements Other
EUROPEAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS PROFESSOR CARLOS ALBA 890089m Corporatism o corporations or guilds of craftsmen, tradesmen and businessmen of medieval Europe o great infiuence on the working lives of their members o the general principle was taken up by the Fascists, Mussolini and Franco Neo-corporatism o govemment and private interests work together within a powerful set of decision-making institutions o each set of interests in the policy are organized comprehensively into peak associations or federations which coordinate and monopolize their field o E.g: Austria, Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, Luxembourg Pluralism o groups compete for influence over government; they are not partners with government nor bound with it in a powerful set of decision-making institutions o group activity may be fragmented, group membership may only be a small proportion of the possible total E.g: France, Britain, Italy
European Political Systems Professor Carlos Alba Corporatism corporations or guilds of craftsmen, tradesmen and businessmen of medieval Europe great influence on the working lives of their members the general principle was taken up by the Fascists, Mussolini and Franco Neo-corporatism government and private interests work together within a powerful set of decision-making institutions each set of interests in the policy are organized comprehensively into peak associations or federations, which coordinate and monopolize their field. E.g: Austria, Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, Luxembourg Pluralism groups compete for influence over government; they are not partners with government nor bound with it in a powerful set of decision-making institutions group activity may be fragmented, group membership may only be a small proportion of the possible total E.g: France, Britain, Italy
EUROPEAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS PROFESSOR CARLOS ALBA Types of interest organization, Federal Republic of Germany, 1989 Economic associations Business associations and Federation of Geman Industry. 4 branch associations:400 other associations of self-employed organizations: 80.000 members Federation of German Employers' Associatlons-58 branches; 400 sub- German Farmers' Association- 40 associatlons: 1 million. members Federation of professions.65 associations Trade Unions German Trade Union Federation- 16 industrial trade unions :8 million ember Consumers associations Federation of consumers'associations Professional associations Association of meteorologists- 375 members Socialorganizations Aftermath of second world Association of victims of war-1 million members Welfare organizations Red Cross- about 4 million members Other social organizations Association of tenants. 1 millon members Citizen action committees Environmental groups Associations for leisure German Sports Federation- 20.5 millon members time activities Political associations Amnesty intemational 28.000 members Associations of territorial Association of cities and villages authorities
European Political Systems Professor Carlos Alba Types of interest organization, Federal Republic of Germany, 1989 Economic associations Business associations and associations of self-employed Federation of German Industry- 4 branch associations; 400 other organizations; 80.000 members Federation of German Employers' Associatlons-58 branches ; 400 suborganizations German Farmers' Association- 40 associatlons;1 million. members Federation of Professions- 65 associations Trade Unions German Trade Union Federation- 16 industrial trade unions; 8 million members Consumers´associations Federation of consumers' associations Professional associations Association of meteorologists- 375 members Social organizations Aftermath of Second World War Association of victims of war -1 million members Welfare organizations Red Cross- about 4 million members. Other social organizations Association of tenants- 1 millon members Citizen action committees Environmental groups Associations for leisure time activities German Sports Federation- 20.5 millon members Political associations Amnesty International- 28.000 members Associations of territorial authorities Association of cities and villages
EUROPEAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS PROFESSOR CARLOS ALBA Union density: Employed trade union members Union density: Employed trade union as a percentage of the dependent labor force, members as a percentage of the dependent bour force. 1992-93 Albania Latvia 58 Belarus Macedonia Bulgaria Moldova 78 Denmark Netherland East Germany Estonia France Romania Slovenia Ireland United Kingdom West Germany
European Political Systems Professor Carlos Alba Union density: Employed trade union members as a percentage of the dependent labour force, 1992-93 Latvia 58 Lithuania 47 Luxembourg 59 Macedonia 41 Moldova 78 Netherlands 33 Norway 61 Poland 23 Portugal 25 Romania 46 Slovenia 55 Spain 15 Ukraine 82 United Kingdom 39 West Germany 32 Union density: Employed trade union members as a percentage of the dependent labor force, 1992-93 Albania 61 Armenia 34 Belgium 47 Belarus 93 Bulgaria 48 Denmark 87 East Germany 39 Estonia 44 Euro-Rusia 80 France 11 Georgia 46 Greece 17 Hungary 39 Ireland 42 Italy 36
EUROPEAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS PROFESSOR CARLOS ALBA Union density by status: Union members as a Union density by status: Union members as a percentage of white collar(non-manual)and blue percentage of white collar(non-manual)and blue collar collar(manual) workers (manual) workers Count Union members as Union members Union members as Union members as percentage percentage of as percentage white-collar of blue-collar white-collar of blue-collar orkers workers Albania Latvia Lithuania Belgium Luxembourg 51 Belarus Macedonia Bulgaria Moldova Denmark 76 Netherlands 29 East Poland Euro-Russia 18 Fr Greece Ukraine nga United Ireland 28 Kingdom West Germany
Union density by status: Union members as a percentage of white collar (non-manual) and blue collar (manual) workers Country Union members as percentage of white-collar workers Union members as percentage of blue-collar workers Albania 66 47 Armenia 47 33 Belgium 31 58 Belarus 95 90 Bulgaria 54 42 Denmark 76 92 East Germany 32 40 Estonia 44 42 Euro-Russia 80 80 France 10 11 Georgia 54 44 Greece 15 10 Hungary 40 33 Ireland 28 40 Italy 28 37 Union density by status: Union members as a percentage of white collar (non-manual) and blue collar (manual) workers Country Union members as percentage of white-collar workers Union members as percentage of blue-collar workers Latvia 60 55 Lithuania 16 13 Luxembourg 51 69 Macedonia 56 29 Moldova 83 75 Netherlands 29 33 Norway 54 65 Poland 24 13 Portugal 19 18 Romania 39 41 Spain 10 19 Ukraine 85 80 United Kingdom 31 40 West Germany 24 34 European Political Systems Professor Carlos Alba