实验室安全规则 安全是每一个人的责任! 1.保持实验室整洁、有序且干净。在实验室工作时·将你不需要的东西(例如 外套丶书本丶包)收趄来·放到提供的放置地点(墙钩、工作台下的柜子)。不要 携带不需要的材料(例如额外的书本丶衣服)进入实验室。 2.只限于上该课程的学生(他们已受过安全教育)·进入实验室。未经老师或 实验员的允许·不能带入访客。 3.在实验室中须穿实验服·并纽扣系好。不要穿着它跑出实验室·包括上洗 手间时(也不许) 4.学生必须穿皮鞋或球鞋·不能穿凉鞋或拖鞋·以防腐蚀性液体滴到脚上。长 发必须扎在脑后。 5.不准要在实验室吃东西。不要捋午餐或饮料带进或存放在实验室;不要在实 验室里使用化妆品(比如润唇膏)或调带隐形眼镜。不要咬笔! 6.任何实验均禁止用嘴移液。必须使用球管或移液器·或自动移液器 7.离开实验室之前·或手接触到可能被污染的材料之后·要用肥皂洗手 8.开口性创伤丶割伤丶划伤和擦伤要用防水绷带包扎好 9.对尖锐物体·如针和刀片·要非常小心地处理。锐器和破碎玻璃要放在适当 的容器里。如果打破装有细菌培养液的试管·溶液泼出·在漬理之前要先消毒材料。 要特别小心以避免割伤或感染!必须严格按照实验步骤进行清理
实验室安全规则 安全是每一个人的责任！ 1. 保持实验室整洁、有序且干净。在实验室工作时，将你不需要的东西（例如 外套、书本、背包）收起来，放到提供的放置地点（墙钩、工作台下的柜子）。不要 携带不需要的材料（例如额外的书本、衣服）进入实验室。 2. 只限于上该课程的学生（他们已受过安全教育），进入实验室。未经老师或 实验员的允许，不能带入访客。 3. 在实验室中须穿实验服，并将纽扣系好。不要穿着它跑出实验室，包括上洗 手间时（也不许）。 4. 学生必须穿皮鞋或球鞋，不能穿凉鞋或拖鞋，以防腐蚀性液体滴到脚上。长 发必须扎在脑后。 5. 不准要在实验室吃东西。不要将午餐或饮料带进或存放在实验室；不要在实 验室里使用化妆品（比如润唇膏）或调带隐形眼镜。不要咬笔！ 6. 任何实验均禁止用嘴移液。必须使用球管或移液器，或自动移液器。 7. 离开实验室之前，或手接触到可能被污染的材料之后，要用肥皂洗手。 8. 开口性创伤、割伤、划伤和擦伤要用防水绷带包扎好。 9. 对尖锐物体，如针和刀片，要非常小心地处理。锐器和破碎玻璃要放在适当 的容器里。如果打破装有细菌培养液的试管，溶液泼出，在清理之前要先消毒材料。 要特别小心以避免割伤或感染！必须严格按照实验步骤进行清理。 6
LAB SAFETY RULES Safety is everyone s responsibility 1. Keep the laboratory neat, orderly and clean. When you are working in the laboratory store things you don' t need(e.g. coats, books, backpacks) out of the way, in the places provided(wall hooks, under-bench cupboards). Do not bring unnecessary materials(e.g extra books, clothing )to the laboratory 2. Access to the laboratory is limited to students registered in the course Who have been advised of the potential hazards. Do not bring visitors without permission of the instructor or demonstrator 3. Wear a lab coat in the laboratory, and button it up properly. Don' t wear it outside the laboratory, including when you go to the washroom! 4. Wear shoes, Wear shoes, not sandals, at all times in the laboratory Corrosive reagents can easily be dropped onto unprotected toes. Tie back long hair 5. Do not eat or drink in the laboratory. Do not bring or store your lunch or coffee cup in the laboratory; do not apply cosmetics (e.g. lip balm) or adjust contact lense the boratory. Do not chew on your per 6. Oral pipetting is prohibited in any laboratory. Use a bulb or pro-pipettor, or an automated pipettor 7. Wash your hands -with soap-before leaving the laboratory, and at any time after handing materials that may be contaminated 8. Open wounds, cuts, scratches and grazes should be covered with waterproof dressings 9. Sharp objects, such as needles and blades, should be handled with great care. Dispose of sharps and broken glass in the proper containers. If a tube of bacterial culture breaks and spills, disinfect the material before you clean up. Be extremely careful to avoid cutting and infecting yourself! Follow the laboratory procedures for clean-up
LAB SAFETY RULES Safety is everyone’s responsibility! 1. Keep the laboratory neat, orderly and clean. When you are working in the laboratory, store things you don’t need(e.g. coats, books, backpacks) out of the way, in the places provided (wall hooks, under-bench cupboards). Do not bring unnecessary materials(e.g . extra books, clothing) to the laboratory. 2. Access to the laboratory is limited to students registered in the course.Who have been advised of the potential hazards. Do not bring visitors without permission of the instructor or demonstrator. 3. Wear a lab coat in the laboratory, and button it up properly. Don’t wear it outside the laboratory,includingwhen you go to the washroom! 4. Wear shoes, Wear shoes, not sandals, at all times in the laboratory. Corrosive reagents can easily be dropped onto unprotected toes.Tie back long hair. 5. Do not eat or drink in the laboratory. Do not bring or store your lunch or coffee cup in the laboratory; do not apply cosmetics (e.g. lip balm) or adjust contact lenses in the laboratory. Do not chew on your pen! 6. Oral pipetting is prohibited in any laboratory. Use a bulb or pro-pipettor, or an automated pipettor. 7. Wash your hands —with soap —before leaving the laboratory, and at any time after handing materials that may be contaminated. 8. Open wounds, cuts, scratches and grazes should be covered with waterproof dressings. 9. Sharp objects, such as needles and blades, should be handled with great care. Dispose of sharps and broken glassin the proper containers. If a tube of bacterial culture breaks and spills, disinfect the material before you clean up. Be extremely careful to avoid cutting and infecting yourself! Follow the laboratory procedures for clean-up. 7
实验报告的一般要求 每个学生要负责完成所有实验的实验报告。每份实验报告必须遵循以下一般准 则 写正式的书面报告的目的是让你学会如何撰写和编排真正的科学报告。每份科 学杂志都有自己的格式要求·但也都遵循类似的格式·其中包括标题丶作者名单 摘要或概要丶材料和方法丶结果(表中的数据丶图表丶照片和说明)丶解释结果的一 个讨论以及在稿件中所引用的参考文献。建议大家看看一些科学出版物作为参老例 子·部分建议期刊为:《植物生理学学报》丶《美国国家科学院院刊》、《自然》、《细胞》 请记住·实验报告是你练习书面沟通技巧的机会。此外·也能显禾你是否很好 地掌握了本实验的基本概念 一般准则如下 1.采用双倍行距的文本,小四号字体·边距2.54cm 2.不要使用人称代词·即·“我分离出叶绿素”这是不恰当的·而是要用“叶绿 素用…方法分离出来” 3.要用过去时态来写 4.每份实验报告会包括多个实验部分。把这些合并成一个单位·因此你要给出 个标题·还有前言丶材料丶方法和讨论等部分 5.书写清楚简洁·使用正确的语法丶拼写和标点符号。报告应遵循使其易于阅 读的逻辑方式。 封面。封面一页包括标题丶姓名丶学号丶你的实验窒搭档姓名丶课程编号丶你 的组号 摘要。摘要中概述背景丶结果和获取这些结果的方法·以及结论。这一部分 通常最后来写。写摘要的基本方法是分别用一到两句话来总结每个部分(引言、材 料和方法丶结果和讨论)。 引言。引言是为在报告其余部分出现的研究提供一个背景。此外·引言部分还 介绍进行实验的目的 材料和方法。该部分不能重写实验指导中的材料和方法·而是要适当地参考实 验指导·概述实际实验中所用的方法·包括对实验指导中的方法有所改变的部分
实验报告的一般要求 每个学生要负责完成所有实验的实验报告。每份实验报告必须遵循以下一般准 则。 写正式的书面报告的目的是让你学会如何撰写和编排真正的科学报告。每份科 学杂志都有自己的格式要求，但也都遵循类似的格式，其中包括标题、作者名单、 摘要或概要、材料和方法、结果（表中的数据、图表、照片和说明）、解释结果的一 个讨论以及在稿件中所引用的参考文献。建议大家看看一些科学出版物作为参考例 子。部分建议期刊为：《植物生理学学报》、《美国国家科学院院刊》、《自然》、《细胞》。 请记住，实验报告是你练习书面沟通技巧的机会。此外，也能显示你是否很好 地掌握了本实验的基本概念。 一般准则如下： 1. 采用双倍行距的文本，小四号字体，边距2.54cm。 2. 不要使用人称代词，即，“我分离出叶绿素”这是不恰当的，而是要用“叶绿 素用…方法分离出来”。 3. 要用过去时态来写。 4. 每份实验报告会包括多个实验部分。把这些合并成一个单位，因此你要给出 一个标题，还有前言、材料、方法和讨论等部分。 5. 书写清楚简洁，使用正确的语法、拼写和标点符号。报告应遵循使其易于阅 读的逻辑方式。 封面。封面一页包括标题、姓名、学号、你的实验室搭档姓名、课程编号、你 的组号。 摘要。摘要中概述背景、结果和获取这些结果的方法，以及结论。这一部分， 通常最后来写。写摘要的基本方法是分别用一到两句话来总结每个部分（引言、材 料和方法、结果和讨论）。 引言。引言是为在报告其余部分出现的研究提供一个背景。此外，引言部分还 介绍进行实验的目的。 材料和方法。该部分不能重写实验指导中的材料和方法，而是要适当地参考实 验指导，概述实际实验中所用的方法，包括对实验指导中的方法有所改变的部分。 8
结果。结果部分陈薤最终的数据和观察资料·但不讨论数据。结果部分的文字 应该是将图和表格所显禾的结果介绍给阅读者。图需要包括绘制的图和照片·表格 要用三线表 讨论。讨论部分可以看出实验者是否完全理解了实验中所学技术的背景知识 是否盲目按照实验指导操作。此部分要对所得结果以及该结果所说明的问题迸行分 析。讨论中的每一个结论都必须有实验结果的支持(参考图示或引用表中的数据 如果实验不成功·还要分析产生该结果的可能原因(例如使用的技术或使用方法不 准确)。讨论应以一个总结整份报告最终实验结果和主要结论的简短句子来结尾 绘制图表的注意事项 1.报告中的图要有一个恰当的标题 2.标题应该是一个独立的清晰表述·图和图标应能独立说明问题。 3.结果和讨论中要引用到图所提供的数据。 4!.在水平ⅹ-轴或横坐标上绘制规律性变化的已知量(自变量),如时间、底物 浓度·温度等。未知的或测量出的量(因变量)·例如吸光度丶酶活力等·则在垂直 向的y轴或纵坐标上标出。 5.每一组数据都使用明确定义的符号(⊕,◇◆,口0…等)而不是x,+,或一个 小点
结果。结果部分陈述最终的数据和观察资料，但不讨论数据。结果部分的文字 应该是将图和表格所显示的结果介绍给阅读者。图需要包括绘制的图和照片，表格 要用三线表。 讨论。讨论部分可以看出实验者是否完全理解了实验中所学技术的背景知识， 是否盲目按照实验指导操作。此部分要对所得结果以及该结果所说明的问题进行分 析。讨论中的每一个结论都必须有实验结果的支持（参考图示或引用表中的数据）。 如果实验不成功，还要分析产生该结果的可能原因（例如使用的技术或使用方法不 准确）。讨论应以一个总结整份报告最终实验结果和主要结论的简短句子来结尾。 绘制图表的注意事项 1. 报告中的图要有一个恰当的标题。 2. 标题应该是一个独立的清晰表述，图和图标应能独立说明问题。 3. 结果和讨论中要引用到图所提供的数据。 4. 在水平 x-轴或横坐标上绘制规律性变化的已知量（自变量），如时间、底物 浓度，温度等。未知的或测量出的量（因变量），例如吸光度、酶活力等，则在垂直 向的 y-轴或纵坐标上标出。 5. 每一组数据都使用明确定义的符号（⊕,◇,◆,□,o,…等）而不是 x,+，或一个 小点。 9
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ALL LAB REPORTS Each student will be responsible for writing all the lab reports throughout the semester. The following general guidelines must be followed for each lab report The purpose of writing formal lab reports is for you to learn how to write compile proper scientific reports. Each scientific journal has its own formatting requirements; however, they all follow a similar format with a Title, a list of authors, an Abstract or Summary, Materials and Methods, Results (data in tables, figures, pictures and description), a Discussion which interprets results, and a list of References cited in the body of the manuscript. It is suggested that you look through a few journals examples of scientific publications. Some suggested journals are: Plant Physiology, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS), Nature, and Cell Remember that the lab reports are an opportunity for you to practice your written communication skills. Additionally, it is a great opportunity for you to demonstrate your knowledge of laboratory concepts GENERAL GUIDELINES 1. Double-spaced text and a 12-point font size. One inch margins. m is unacceptable Rather 2. Do not use personal pronouns, i.e,I isolated the chlorophyl use " chlorophyll was isolated by 3. Write in the past tense 4. Each lab report will contain multiple exercises. Combine these into one unit. Therefore you should have one Title, Introduction, Materials and Methods sections, results and discussion 5. Write clearly and concisely using proper grammar, spelling and punctuation. The report should follow in a logical manner making it easy to read TITLE PAGE A cover page which includes a title, your name and identification number, your lab partner s name, the course number, your group number SUMMARY/ABSTRACT A summary paragraph which clearly states the background, results with methods to obtain those results and a conclusion This section is often written last. a basic method to construct the abstract is to summarize each of the sections(Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion)into 1 to 2 sentences each NTRODUCTION emainder of the report. Additionally, the Introduction presents the objectives of the study ented in the The introduction presents a background to the research that is presented in the that was conducted MATERIALS AND METHODS In this course, we are not requiring you to rewrite the materials and methods presented in the Course Manual. Rather, reference the sources appropriately and include any changes from the methods outlined in the Course manual RESULTS The Results section presents final data and observations, but the data are not discussed here. The text in the results section should guide the reader through the figures and tables. Figures would include graphs and photographs of gels, whereas tables should be organized in three-line format
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ALL LAB REPORTS Each student will be responsible for writing all the lab reports throughout the semester. The following general guidelines must be followed for each lab report. The purpose of writing formal lab reports is for you to learn how to write and compile proper scientific reports. Each scientific journal has its own formatting requirements; however, they all follow a similar format with a Title, a list of authors, an Abstract or Summary, Materials and Methods, Results (data in tables, figures, pictures and description), a Discussion which interprets results, and a list of References cited in the body of the manuscript. It is suggested that you look through a few journals for examples of scientific publications. Some suggested journals are: Plant Physiology, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), Nature, and Cell. Remember that the lab reports are an opportunity for you to practice your written communication skills. Additionally, it is a great opportunity for you to demonstrate your knowledge of laboratory concepts. GENERAL GUIDELINES 1. Double-spaced text and a 12-point font size. One inch margins. 2. Do not use personal pronouns, i.e., “I isolated the chlorophyll” is unacceptable. Rather, use “chlorophyllwas isolated by …”. 3. Write in the past tense. 4. Each lab report will contain multiple exercises. Combine these into one unit. Therefore, you should have one Title，Introduction, Materials and Methods sections, results and discussions. 5. Write clearly and concisely using proper grammar, spelling and punctuation. The report should follow in a logical manner making it easy to read. TITLE PAGE A cover page which includes a title, your name and identification number, your lab partner’s name, the course number, your group number. SUMMARY/ABSTRACT A summary paragraph which clearly states the background, results with methods to obtain those results, and a conclusion. Thissection is often written last. A basic method to construct the abstract is to summarize each of the sections (Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion) into 1 to 2 sentences each. INTRODUCTION The introduction presents a background to the research that is presented in the remainder of the report. Additionally, the Introduction presents the objectives of the study that was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this course, we are not requiring you to rewrite the materials and methods presented in the Course Manual. Rather, reference the sources appropriately and include any changes from the methods outlined in the Course Manual. RESULTS The Results section presents final data and observations, but the data are not discussed here. The text in the results section should guide the reader through the figures and tables. Figures would include graphs and photographs of gels, whereas tables should be organized in three-line format