International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers- 2 DIRECTORS FOURTH EDITION EDITOR TOM PENDERGAST SARA PENDERGAST ST JAMES PRESS ANIMPHINT OF THE GALE GHOUP DETROIT NEW YORK.SAN FRANCISCO
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers- 2 DIRECTORS FOURTH EDITION EDITORS TOM PENDERGAST SARA PENDERGAST
nternational Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers Volume I FILMS Volume 2 DIRECTORS Volume 3 ACtoRS and ACTresseS Volume 4 WRITERS and PRODUCTION ARTISTS
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers Volume 1 FILMS Volume 2 DIRECTORS Volume 3 ACTORS and ACTRESSES Volume 4 WRITERS and PRODUCTION ARTISTS
Michelle Banks, Erin Bealmear, Laura Standley Berger, Joann Cerrito, Jim Craddock, Steve Cusack, Nicolet V. Elert, Miranda H. Ferrara, Kristin Hart Melissa Hill, Laura S Kryhoski, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Carol Schwartz, and Christine Tomassini, St James Press Staff laria Franklin, Permissions Manager Debra J. Freitas. Permissions assistant Mary Grimes, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Image Catalogers Mary Beth Trimper, Composition Manager Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager Rhonda williams. Senior Buver Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager Michael Logusz, Graphic Artist assett, Image Database Supervisor Duncan, Imaging Specialists A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator Dean Dauphinais, Senior Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Conter While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, St James Press does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. St. James Press accepts no payment for listing: and inclusion of an organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. rrors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future This publicatie reative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by petition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the informatior All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended Copyright 8 2000 Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data International dictionary of films and filmmakers /editors, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast-4th ed p. cm. Contents: 1. Films-2 Directors-3 Actors and actresses-4. Writers and production artists ISBN1-55862-449X(set)-ISBN1-55862-450-3(V.1)-ISBN1-55862-477-5(V.2) ISBN1-55862-452X(v.3)—ISBN1-55862-453-8(.4) 1. Motion pictures-Plots, themes, etc. 2. Motion picture producers and directors-Biography-- Dictionaries. 3. Motion picture actors and actresses-Biography-Dictionaries. 4. Screenwriters- Biography-Dictionaries. I. Pendergast, Tom. Il Pendergast, Sara. PN1997.8582000 791.4303-dc2100-064024 CI Cover photograph-David Cronenberg courtesy the Kobal Collection Printed in the United States of america St James Press is an imprint of Gale Group Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license 10987654321
Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast, Editors Michael J. Tyrkus, Project Coordinator Michelle Banks, Erin Bealmear, Laura Standley Berger, Joann Cerrito, Jim Craddock, Steve Cusack, Nicolet V. Elert, Miranda H. Ferrara, Kristin Hart, Melissa Hill, Laura S. Kryhoski, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Carol Schwartz, and Christine Tomassini, St. James Press Staff Peter M. Gareffa, Managing Editor Maria Franklin, Permissions Manager Debra J. Freitas, Permissions Assistant Mary Grimes, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Image Catalogers Mary Beth Trimper, Composition Manager Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager Rhonda Williams, Senior Buyer Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager Michael Logusz, Graphic Artist Randy Bassett, Image Database Supervisor Robert Duncan, Imaging Specialists Pamela A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator Dean Dauphinais, Senior Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Content While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, St. James Press does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. St. James Press accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Copyright © 2000 St. James Press 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International dictionary of films and filmmakers / editors, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast.—4th ed. p. cm. Contents: 1. Films — 2. Directors — 3. Actors and actresses — 4. Writers and production artists. ISBN 1-55862-449-X (set) — ISBN 1-55862-450-3 (v. 1) — ISBN 1-55862-477-5 (v. 2) — ISBN 1-55862-452-X (v. 3) — ISBN 1-55862-453-8 (v. 4) 1. Motion pictures—Plots, themes, etc. 2. Motion picture producers and directors—Biography— Dictionaries. 3. Motion picture actors and actresses—Biography—Dictionaries. 4. Screenwriters— Biography—Dictionaries. I. Pendergast, Tom. II. Pendergast, Sara. PN1997.8.I58 2000 791.43’03—dc2100-064024 CIP Cover photograph—David Cronenberg courtesy the Kobal Collection Printed in the United States of America St. James Press is an imprint of Gale Group Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS EDITORS NOTE BOARD OF ADVISERS CONTRIBUTORS LIST OF ENTRANTS XII DIRECTORS PICTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS l111 NOTES ON ADVISERS AND CONTRIBUTORS l115 NATIONALITY INDEX FILM TITLE INDEX 1133
CONTENTS EDITORS’ NOTE vii BOARD OF ADVISERS ix CONTRIBUTORS xi LIST OF ENTRANTS xiii DIRECTORS 1 PICTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1111 NOTES ON ADVISERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 1115 NATIONALITY INDEX 1127 FILM TITLE INDEX 1133
EDITORS’NOTE This is a revised edition of the 2nd volume of the International Dictionary of films and Filmmakers, which also includes Volume 1 Films, Volume 3, Actors and Actresses, and Volume 4, Writers and Production Artists. The book comprises more than 483 entries, consisting of a brief biography, a complete filmography, a selected bibliography of works by and about the entrant, and a critical essay written by a specialist in the field. There are 66 entrants new to this edition. Most of the entries from the previous edition have een retained here; all entries have updated filmographies and bibliographies; and many entries have updated critical essays. Since film is primarily a visual medium, the majority of entries are illustrated, either by a portrait or by a representative still from the entrant's body of work. The selection of entrants is once again based on the recommendations of the advisory board. It was not thought necessary to propose strict criteria for selection: the book is intended to represent the wide range of interests within North American, British, and West European film scholarship and criticism. The eclecticism in both the list of entrants and the critical stances of the different writers emphasizes the multifarious notions of the cinema, and indeed of the various entrants' role within it. On the vexing question of authorship in the cinema, it is to be hoped that this volume is properly seen in the context of a series which also focuses on the contribution to the cinema or actors and actresses (Volume 3), along with screenwriters, cinematographers, editors, animators opposers, and other production artists (Volume 4), as well as the individual films themselves (Volume 1) Thanks are due to the following: Nicolet V. Elert and Michael J. Tyrkus at St. James Press, for their efforts in preparing this collection for publication; Michael Najjar, for his tireless efforts in researching the entries; our advisers, for their wisdom and broad knowledge of international cinema; and our contributors, for their gracious participation. We have necessarily built upon the work of the editors who have preceded us, and we thank them for the strong foundation they created A Note on the entries Non-English language film titles are given in the original language or a transliteration of it, unless they are better known internationally by their English title. Alternate release titles in the original language(s)are found within parentheses, followed by release titles in English(American then British if there is a difference)and translations. The date of a film is understood to refer to its year of release unless stated otherwise In the list of films in each entry, information within parentheses following each film modifies, if necessary, then adds to the subjects principal function(s). The most common abbreviations used are: animator chor choreographer d director exec xecutive mus musIc ph inematographer or director of photography r role scenarist or scriptwriter The abbreviationco-preceding a function indicates collaboration with one or more persons. Other abbreviations that may be sed to clarify the nature of an individual film are" doc"documentary; anim'-animation; and"ep'-episode A name in parentheses following a film title is that of the director. A film title in boldface type indicates that complete coverage of that film may be found in the International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, Volume 1: Films
vii EDITORS’ NOTE This is a revised edition of the 2nd volume of the International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, which also includes Volume 1, Films, Volume 3, Actors and Actresses, and Volume 4, Writers and Production Artists. The book comprises more than 483 entries, consisting of a brief biography, a complete filmography, a selected bibliography of works by and about the entrant, and a critical essay written by a specialist in the field. There are 66 entrants new to this edition. Most of the entries from the previous edition have been retained here; all entries have updated filmographies and bibliographies; and many entries have updated critical essays. Since film is primarily a visual medium, the majority of entries are illustrated, either by a portrait or by a representative still from the entrant’s body of work. The selection of entrants is once again based on the recommendations of the advisory board. It was not thought necessary to propose strict criteria for selection: the book is intended to represent the wide range of interests within North American, British, and West European film scholarship and criticism. The eclecticism in both the list of entrants and the critical stances of the different writers emphasizes the multifarious notions of the cinema, and indeed of the various entrants’ role within it. On the vexing question of authorship in the cinema, it is to be hoped that this volume is properly seen in the context of a series which also focuses on the contribution to the cinema or actors and actresses (Volume 3), along with screenwriters, cinematographers, editors, animators, composers, and other production artists (Volume 4), as well as the individual films themselves (Volume 1). Thanks are due to the following: Nicolet V. Elert and Michael J. Tyrkus at St. James Press, for their efforts in preparing this collection for publication; Michael Najjar, for his tireless efforts in researching the entries; our advisers, for their wisdom and broad knowledge of international cinema; and our contributors, for their gracious participation. We have necessarily built upon the work of the editors who have preceded us, and we thank them for the strong foundation they created. A Note on the Entries Non-English language film titles are given in the original language or a transliteration of it, unless they are better known internationally by their English title. Alternate release titles in the original language(s) are found within parentheses, followed by release titles in English (American then British if there is a difference) and translations. The date of a film is understood to refer to its year of release unless stated otherwise. In the list of films in each entry, information within parentheses following each film modifies, if necessary, then adds to the subject’s principal function(s). The most common abbreviations used are: an animator assoc associate asst assistant chor choreographer d director ed editor exec executive mus music ph cinematographer or director of photography pr producer prod des production designer ro role sc scenarist or scriptwriter The abbreviation ‘‘co-’’ preceding a function indicates collaboration with one or more persons. Other abbreviations that may be used to clarify the nature of an individual film are ‘‘doc’’—documentary; ‘‘anim’’—animation; and ‘‘ep’’—episode. A name in parentheses following a film title is that of the director. A film title in boldface type indicates that complete coverage of that film may be found in the International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, Volume 1: Films