①表示特指的人或物前。 e.g. The man with a fiower in his hand is Jack ②指说话人双方都知道的人或物前 g. Lily, close the door, please 在上文提到过,第二次又提到的人或物前。 e.g. There is a man under the tree. The man is called James ④表示世界上独一无二的事物前。 e.g. The sun is bigger than the moon ⑤用在序数词前面。 e.g. It is the first day of the new term ⑥用在乐器名称前。 e.g. He often plays the violin at weekends ⑦用在形容词最高级前。 e.g. Spring is the best season in a year. ⑧用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 g. I went to the Great Wall last week ⑨用在国家名称的缩写前 g. He is from the UK 3、零冠词:名词前不用冠词的情况。 在季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐、球类或棋类运动前,通常不用冠词。 g. have breakfast, play basketball, play chess 第5讲代词 1、人称代词:表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们"的词。 我你 他 她 它我们你们他们 主格 you h she we you they 宾格 me you himher us you them ①主格一般用在句子开头做主语,通常用在动词前。 I am a student They are cleaning the classroom
- 6 - ① 表示特指的人或物前。 e.g. The man with a flower in his hand is Jack. ② 指说话人双方都知道的人或物前。 e.g. Lily, close the door, please. ③ 在上文提到过，第二次又提到的人或物前。 e.g. There is a man under the tree. The man is called James. ④ 表示世界上独一无二的事物前。 e.g. The sun is bigger than the moon. ⑤ 用在序数词前面。 e.g. It is the first day of the new term. ⑥ 用在乐器名称前。 e.g. He often plays the violin at weekends. ⑦ 用在形容词最高级前。 e.g. Spring is the best season in a year. ⑧ 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 e.g. I went to the Great Wall last week. ⑨ 用在国家名称的缩写前。 e.g. He is from the UK. 3、零冠词：名词前不用冠词的情况。 在季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐、球类或棋类运动前，通常不用冠词。 e.g. have breakfast ，play basketball，play chess 第 5 讲 代词 1、人称代词：表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词。 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them ①主格一般用在句子开头做主语，通常用在动词前。 e.g. I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom
②宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象,一般用在动词和介词后面。 e.g. Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully 2、物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的 形容词性 my your his her its yourtheir 名词性 mine yourshishers ours yours theirs ①形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词。如: my watch, his cousin, our school ②名词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词,故其后不能再加名词,可单独使用。 e.g. -Is that your bike? -No Mine is blue 3、不定代词:没有明确指定代替某个(些)人或物的词叫不定代词。 (1)some和any 都表示“一些,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。 ①some多用在肯定句中,any多用在否定句和疑问句中。 eg. There are some flowers in the garden.(肯定句) There isnt any milk in the fridge.(否定句) Do you have any hobbies?(疑问句) 在表示邀请和希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中也要用some。 g. -Would you like some coffee?-Yes, please. (i2i) Mum, can I have some peaches?—Sure.(希望对方给予肯定回答) (2)both和all ①boh表示“两个都.”只指代或修饰可数名词。 eg. We are both policemen.(强调两人 al|表示“三个或三个以上都……:,既可指代或修饰可数名词,也可指代或修饰不 可数名词 eg. They are all in the room.(至少三人 (3)many和much都表示“许多”,many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词 g. My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the cup (4)each和 every
- 7 - ②宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象，一般用在动词和介词后面。 e.g. Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully. 2、物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形容词性 my your his her its our your their 名 词 性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs ①形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词。如：my watch, his cousin, our school ②名词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词，故其后不能再加名词，可单独使用。 e.g. —Is that your bike？ —No. Mine is blue. 3、不定代词：没有明确指定代替某个（些）人或物的词叫不定代词。 (1)some 和 any 都表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。 ① some 多用在肯定句中，any 多用在否定句和疑问句中。 e.g. There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句） There isn’t any milk in the fridge. （否定句） Do you have any hobbies? （疑问句） ② 在表示邀请和希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中也要用 some。 e.g. —Would you like some coffee? —Yes, please. （邀请） —Mum, can I have some peaches? —Sure.（希望对方给予肯定回答） （2）both 和 all ① both 表示“两个都……”，只指代或修饰可数名词。 e.g. We are both policemen.（强调两人） ② all 表示“三个或三个以上都……”，既可指代或修饰可数名词，也可指代或修饰不 可数名词。 e.g. They are all in the room.（至少三人） （3）many 和 much 都表示“许多”，many 修饰可数名词，much 修饰不可数名词。 e.g. My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the cup. （4）each 和 every
each强调个人,指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的每个"; every是指许多人 或事物的“全体”,与!的意思相近 g.! buy a present for each of her parents.我要为她的父母每人买一件礼 物。 Every book in his study is interesting.他书房里的每本书都很有趣。 (5) other作形容词时意思是“其他的,指尚未提到的部分,其后一般接复数名词。 e.g. We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects (6) something #A everything ① something某事;某物eg. I want something to drink. ② everything-切事物;每样事物eg.Tel! me everything about you. (7) nobody没有人eg. She likes nobody and nobody likes her 4、疑问代词:用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词,一般放在疑问句的句首 what 问什么|- What's your name?- - my name is Tom What colour问颜色| What colour is your coat?-sred hat day 问星期 What day is it today?- It's Monday what date 问日期- What date is it today'?- It's the first of june what shape|问形状|- What shape is the moon?- s round what.job|问工作 What's your fathers job?- -He's a bus driver. what time 问时间- What time is it??- It's ten o clock when 问时候|- When is your birthday?- I's on the first of May which 问哪个— Which is your watch, this one or that one?一 That one where 问地点 Where is my pen?-It's on the fioor. who 问谁 -Who is the boy with big eyes?-He's Liu Tao whose 问谁的- Whose bag is this?- s Helens wh 问原因- Why are you absent today?-m how 问方式 How do you go to school?- By bus how man 问数量 How many books are there?-There are five how much 问价钱- How much is it?- Twenty yuan
- 8 - each 强调个人，指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”；every 是指许多人 或事物的“全体”，与 all 的意思相近。 e.g. I’ll buy a present for each of her parents. 我要为她的父母每人买一件礼 物。 Every book in his study is interesting. 他书房里的每本书都很有趣。 （5）other 作形容词时意思是“其他的”，指尚未提到的部分，其后一般接复数名词。 e.g. We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects. （6）something 和 everything ① something 某事；某物 e.g. I want something to drink. ② everything 一切事物；每样事物 e.g. Tell me everything about you. （7）nobody 没有人 e.g. She likes nobody and nobody likes her. 4、疑问代词：用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词，一般放在疑问句的句首。 what 问什么 —What’s your name? —My name is Tom. What colour 问颜色 —What colour is your coat? —It’s red. what day 问星期 —What day is it today? —It’s Monday. what date 问日期 —What date is it today? —It’s the first of June. what shape 问形状 —What shape is the moon? —It’s round. what…job 问工作 —What’s your father’s job? —He’s a bus driver. what time 问时间 —What time is it? —It’s ten o’clock. when 问时候 —When is your birthday? —It’s on the first of May. which 问哪个 —Which is your watch, this one or that one? — That one. where 问地点 —Where is my pen? —It’s on the floor. who 问谁 —Who is the boy with big eyes? —He’s Liu Tao. whose 问谁的 —Whose bag is this? —It’s Helen’s. why 问原因 —Why are you absent today? —I’m ill. how 问方式 —How do you go to school? —By bus. how many 问数量 —How many books are there? —There are five. how much 问价钱 —How much is it? —Twenty yuan
how old 问年龄- How old are you?- m twelve. how far 问距离 How far is it from here? -It's about one kilometer how about 问情况|- m thirsty. How about you?-Me,too 5、指示代词 ①ths(这个)、 these(这些)表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。 ②that(那个)、 those(那些)表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物 第6讲形容词 形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。它的位置通 常放在被修饰的名词前,也可以放在be动词和lok、fel、 taste、 sound、get之 后 在英语中,形容词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。 1、表示两者等同时用原级,结构为:as+原级+as,表示xx和xx一样.” e.g. Are you as tall as your twin sister? 其否定形式结构为:not+as+原级+as,表示x和xx不一样. e.g. Im not as tall as you 2、表示两者比较时用比较级,结构为:比较级+than,表示x比xx更….. e.g. He's one year younger than me 形容词比较级的构成规则 ①一般在词尾加er e.g. taller, longer, stronger, younger ②以字母e结尾,只加r e.g. late-later, nice-nicer 以辅音字母十y结尾,变y为i,再加er e.g. heavy-heavier ④双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er e.g. fat-fatter, thin-thinner, big-bigger ⑤双音节和多音节词的比较级,在原级前加more
- 9 - how old 问年龄 —How old are you? —I’m twelve. how far 问距离 —How far is it from here? —It’s about one kilometer. how about 问情况 —I’m thirsty. How about you? —Me, too. 5、指示代词 ① this（这个）、these（这些）表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。 ② that（那个）、those（那些）表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。 第 6 讲 形容词 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。它的位置通 常放在被修饰的名词前，也可以放在 be 动词和 look、feel、taste、sound、get 之 后。 在英语中，形容词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。 1、表示两者“等同”时用原级，结构为：as＋原级＋as，表示“xx 和 xx 一样……” e.g. Are you as tall as your twin sister? 其否定形式结构为：not＋as＋原级＋as，表示“xx 和 xxx 不一样……” e.g. I’m not as tall as you. 2、表示两者“比较”时用比较级，结构为：比较级＋than，表示“xx 比 xxx 更……” e.g. He’s one year younger than me. 形容词比较级的构成规则： ① 一般在词尾加 er e.g. taller，longer，stronger，younger ② 以字母 e 结尾，只加 r e.g. late－later，nice－nicer ③ 以辅音字母＋y 结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 er e.g. heavy－heavier ④ 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 er e.g. fat－fatter，thin－thinner，big－bigger ⑤ 双音节和多音节词的比较级，在原级前加 more