小升初英语语法基础知识汇总 第一部分;基础知识复习资料 1.字母:26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopgrs tuvwxyz 2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母: AEIOU 12个单元音:长元音:/a:/,/:/,/:/, 短元音://e//i////∧//u// 3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词 4.句子:大小写,标点符号 第二部分:语法知识复习资料 名词:名词单复数,名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:bok- books, bag-bags, cat-cats 2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如: bus-buses. box-boxes, brush-brushes watch-watches 第1页共23页
第 1 页 共 23 页 小升初英语语法基础知识汇总 第一部分;基础知识复习资料 1.字母：26 个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音：元音的发音 五个元音字母： AEIOU 12 个单元音：长元音：/ɑ:/，/ :/，/ :/， /i:/，/u:/ 短元音：/ / /e/ /i/ / / /∧/ /u/ / / 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4.句子：大小写，标点符号 第二部分：语法知识复习资料 一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以一辅音字母+y‖结尾,变y为i,再 加-es,如: family- families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以一f或fe‖结尾,变f或fe为v,再 加-es,如: knife- knives 5.不规则名词复数: man men, woman women, policeman-policemen pollcewoman-pollcewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people, Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型 paper juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 1.有生命的东西的名词所有格: 第2页共23页
第 2 页 共 23 页 3.以―辅音字母+y‖结尾，变y为i, 再 加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以―f或fe‖结尾，变f或fe为v, 再 加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 1.有生命的东西的名词所有格：
(1)单数后加‘s如:Lucy‘ s ruler my father‘ s shirt (2)以s结尾的复数名词后加‘如:his friends‘bags (3)不以s结尾的复数后加‘s children‘ s shoes 并列名词中,如果把‘s加在最后一个 名词后,表示共有; 如: Tom and mike‘scar汤姆和迈克 共有的小汽车 表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列 名词后加‘s 如:Tom‘ s and mike‘ s cars汤姆和 麦克各自的小汽车 2.表示无生命东西的名词通常用一of 名词‖来表示所有关系: sL: a picture of the classroom a map of china 二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类 ()不定冠词:a/an 元音读音开头的可数名词前用an: 第3页共23页
第 3 页 共 23 页 (1) 单数后加 ‘ s 如: Lucy‘s ruler my father‘s shirt (2)以s 结尾的复数名词后加‘如: his friends‘ bags (3)不以 s 结尾的复数后加 ‘ s children‘s shoes 并列名词中，如果把 ‘ s 加在最后一个 名词后，表示共有; 如:Tom and Mike‘s car 汤姆和迈克 共有的小汽车 表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列 名词后加‘s. 如:Tom‘s and Mike‘s cars 汤姆和 麦克各自的小汽车 2.表示无生命东西的名词通常用― of +名词‖来表示所有关系： 如:a picture of the classroom a map of China 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： (一) 不定冠词：a / an 元音读音开头的可数名词前用 an :
an egg an apple an orange /an eraser/ an answer/an ID card/ an alarm clock/ an actor/ an actress/ an e-mail an address,an event/ an example an opera/ an hour an old man/an interesting book/ an exciting sport an action movie/an art lesson/ 二)定冠词:the 定冠词的用法: 1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk 2.复述上文提到的人或物: He has a sweater. The sweater is new 3.谈话双方都知道的人或物: The boys aren‘ t at school 4在序数词前:John‘ s birthday is February the second. 5.用于固定词组中: in the morning/ afternoon/ evening不用冠词的情况: (1)专有名词前: China is a big country. 第4页共23页
第 4 页 共 23 页 an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (二)定冠词：the 定冠词的用法： 1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk. 2.复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new. 3.谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren‘t at school. 4.在序数词前： John‘s birthday is February the second. 5.用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况： (1)专有名词前：China is a big country
(2)名词前有定语:this,that,my your some, any no 等 This is my baseball. (3)复数名词表示一类人和事: Monkeys can ' t swim. They are teachers (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前: Today is Christmas day. It 's sunday. (5)一日三餐前: We have breakfast at 6:30 (6)球类棋类运动前: They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.*但乐器前要用定冠词: i play the guitar very well (7)学科名称前: My favorite subject Is musIc (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前: This is m (9)固定词组中: at noon at night by us 三、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级 (一)、形容词的比较级 第5页共23页
第 5 页 共 23 页 (2)名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等： This is my baseball. (3)复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can‘t swim. They are teachers. (4)在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It‘s Sunday. (5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30. (6)球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well. (7)学科名称前：My favorite subject is music. (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li. (9)固定词组中：at noon at night by bus 三、形容词，副词：比较级，最高级 (一)、形容词的比较级