小学英语语法汇总 时态 1.一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用" usually通常, often常常, every.每 sometimes有时, always总是〃等 (2)基本结构: You/ We/ they He/She/It 定句 词原形 词第三人称单数形式 定句 dont+动原6°t+动原 上般疑问句 (Yes/No))po?Ys|d Does(动词原形).No, she doesn't 特殊疑问句 What do.? How does she.动词原形)? (3)动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同) 般情 如:wa 辅音字母+y结尾 去 3.结尾是s,x,sl watch-watches 4.特殊的 do-does have-has, go-goes 2.现在进行时, (1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用"noW现在,look看, linsen听 2)基本形式:be+动词ing eg: I am(not)doing my homework You/We/They are(not reading He/ She/It is(not) eating What are you doing? Is he reading? (3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ng) 般情况 结尾是不发音的e 重读闭音节 双写最后一 run-running 字母+ ing swim-swimming 3.一般过去时 (1)表示过去已经发生的事情通常用“ast…上一个… just now刚才, a moment ago刚才, yesterday昨天”等词 (2)be动词的过去式:am/s- was are-Were (3)过去式基本结构 定句( Positive)动词过去式 I went shopping last night 否定句 Negative) Didnt动词原形 didnt go shopping last night 般疑问句 (Yes/No)pd+动词原形.? d you go shopping last night? 特殊疑问句(wh hat did.↑动词原形.? What did you do last night? 4)词过去式的变化: 规则动词的变化: 一般动词 lanted watered, climbe 以不发音的e结尾 d 辅音字母加y结尾 study-studied, cry- cried 重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字双写最后一个p-tped 字母+ed lan - planned
小学英语语法汇总 一、时态 1．一般现在时 （1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 “usually 通常, often 常常, every…每…, sometimes 有时，always 总是,”等 词。 （2）基本结构： I / You / We / They He / She / It 肯定句 动词原形 动词第三人称单数形式 否定句 don’t + 动原 doesn’t + 动原 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Do… ? Yes, I do. Does…(动词原形)…?No,she doesn’t. 特殊疑问句 What do …? How does she…(动词原形)…? (3) 动词第三人称单数形式（同名词单数变成复数方法相同） 1 一般情况 +s 如：walk-walks 2. 辅音字母+y 结尾 去 y +ies fly-flies 3. 结尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches 4. 特殊的 do-does ,have-has, go-goes 2．现在进行时, （1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now 现在, look 看，linsen 听”. （2）基本形式： be + 动词 ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading? （3）动词的现在分词形式（动词+ing） 一般情况 +ing walk—walking 结尾是不发音的 e -e + ing come—coming 重读闭音节 双写最后一 个字母+ing run-running swim-swimming 3. 一般过去时 （1） 表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用 “last …上一个…, just now 刚才, a moment ago 刚才， yesterday 昨天”等词。 （2） be 动词的过去式: am/is—was are—were （3）过去式基本结构 肯定句（Positive） 动词过去式 I went shopping last night. 否定句(Negative) Didn’t + 动词原形 I didn’t go shopping last night. 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Did …+ 动词原形…? Did you go shopping last night? 特殊疑问句(wh-) What did…+ 动词原形…? What did you do last night? （4）词过去式的变化： 规则动词的变化： 一般动词 +ed planted,watered,climbed 以不发音的 e 结尾 +d liked 辅音字母加 y 结尾 -y+ ied study—studied, cry- cried 重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字 母 双写最后一个 字母+ed stop –stopped plan - planned
不规则动词的变化 原形 过去式原形过去式 原形过去式原形过去式 ept teach taught ha had went kept think thought find found sleep slept bu tae was rea give were sang drive egan make e writ wrote fly rode draw drey ear heard told grew learn learned/learnt get 4.一般将来时 般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与 tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用 结构: be going to+动词原形或w+动词原形 例如:' m going to visit my grandpa next week 人称代词 主格 形容词性物主代词my our 词性物主代词 mine ours yours his hers its theris (注:介词,动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。) 三、可数名词的复数形式 1.一般名词:+ s a book- books 2辅音字母加y结尾:-y+ ies a story- stories 3.以 4以f或fe结尾:-f或fe变为 ves a knife- knives a shelf-shelves 5特殊的名词复数 nan-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 四、不可数名词(没有复数形式 bread, rice, water, juice, milk, tea, coffee 五、缩略形式 Im=l am you're you are she s= she is he's= he is /he has(got) it's s it is who' s =who is can't =can not isn ' t=is not didn 't=did not weren ' tewere not wasn 't=was not let's=let us i'll=l will 六、a.an.the的用法 1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音: a book, a peach,a“U 单词的第一个读音是元音读音: an egg, an hour,an"F 2the要注意的:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the 七、介词 1.表示方位:on,in, in front of, between, next to,near, beside,at, behind., under 2.表示时间 (1)at:几点前面用at如: at six o'clock,没有dy的节日前用at如: at christmas,固定词组 at the weekends at night
不规则动词的变化： 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew 4．一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与 tomorrow, next Sunday 等时间状语连用。 结构：be going to +动词原形或 will +动词原形 例如：I’m going to visit my grandpa next week. 二、人称代词 主格 I we you he she it they 宾格 me us you him her it them 形容词性物主代词 my our your his her its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours his hers its theris （注：介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。） 三、可数名词的复数形式 1.一般名词： + s a book –books 2.辅音字母加 y 结尾： - y+ ies a story—stories 3.以 s, x，sh, ch ，结尾： + es a glass—glasses；a watch-watches 4.以 f 或 fe 结尾： - f 或 fe 变为 ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 5.特殊的名词复数 man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 四、不可数名词(没有复数形式) bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee 五、缩略形式 I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is /he has(got) it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not didn’t=did not weren’t=were not wasn’t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I will 六、a. an .the 的用法 1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音：a book, a peach， a “U” 单词的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg， an hour， an “F” 2.the 要注意的：球类前面不加 the，乐器前面要加 the，序数词前面要加 the。 七、介词 1．表示方位：on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under 2．表示时间： （1）at : 几点前面用 at 如：at six o’clock, 没有 day 的节日前用 at 如 ：at Christmas, 固定词组 at the weekends ， at night
(2)on:星期前用on如: on Monday,日期前用on如: on the15 th of july带有Day的节日前用on如: on National (3)in:早晨,中午,晚上前用in: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening,月份前用in,如 in December 季节前用in,如 winter 八、基数词变成序数词的方法 1.直接在基数词词尾加上th。如: seventh第七, tenth第十, thirteenth第十三,2以y结尾的基数词,变y为i, 再加上eth。如: twentieth第二十。 3不规则的。如: first第一, second第二, third第三,fth第五, eighth第八, ninth第九, twelfth第十二 4有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如 twenty-first第二十 九、some/any的用法 1肯定句中用some: have some toys in my bedroom 2问句和否定句中用ang: Do you have any brothers or sisters? hasnt got any pencils in his 3询问想要什么时用some: Would you like some juice? an i have some stamps? 十、 there be结构 1肯定句(有…): There is+单数或不可数名词 There are+复数 注:遵循就近原则,看靠 there be最近的 2一般疑问句(有.吗?): s there.?Yes, there is./No, there isn't. Are there.? Yes there are. /No, there aren 3否定句(没有): There isn't…. There aren't 4 there be句型与 have has)的区别: there be表示在某地有某物(或人); have( has)表示某人拥有某物。 十一、祈使句 Sit down please Dont sit down, please Let s go to the park. (注:祈使句中动词用原形) 十二、·情态)动词can, may, must, should,wi后面直接用动词原形 1/He/ She/ They can sing May I come in? I must go now 2. You should be quiet in the library 3. You' ll be good friends 十三、形容词和副词的比较级 形容词的比较级 1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程 度 2.形容词加er的规则: (1)一般在词尾加er; (2)以字母e结尾,加r (3)以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 (4)以“辅音字母+y"结尾,先把y变i,再加er。 3.不规则形容词比较级: good-better, beautiful-more beautiful 、副词的比较级 1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be:有动用副,有副用动 (1)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 (2)副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
（2）on: 星期前用 on 如：on Monday ，日期前用 on 如：on the 15th of July 带有 Day 的节日前用 on 如：on National Day （3）in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用 in：in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ，月份前用 in ，如 in December ， 季节前用 in ，如 winter 八、基数词变成序数词的方法 1. 直接在基数词词尾加上 th。如：seventh 第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三， 2.以 y 结尾的基数词，变 y 为 i， 再加上 eth。如：twentieth 第二十。 3.不规则的。如：first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。 4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如 twenty-first 第二十一。 九、some /any 的用法 1.肯定句中用 some：I have some toys in my bedroom. 2.问句和否定句中用 ang：Do you have any brothers or sisters? He hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case. 3.询问想要什么时用 some：Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps? 十、 there be 结构 1.肯定句（有…）： There is +单数或不可数名词 There are +复数 注：遵循就近原则，看靠 there be 最近的 2.一般疑问句（有…吗？）:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t. 3.否定句（没有）： There isn’t …. There aren’t…. 4.there be 句型与 have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 十一、祈使句 Sit down please Don’t sit down, please. Let’s go to the park. （注：祈使句中动词用原形） 十二、(情态)动词 can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形。 1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now. 2. You should be quiet in the library. 3. You’ll be good friends. 十三、形容词和副词的比较级 一、形容词的比较级 1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little 来修饰表示程 度。。 2．形容词加 er 的规则： ⑴一般在词尾加 er ； ⑵以字母 e 结尾，加 r ； ⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 er ； ⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把 y 变 i，再加 er 。 3．不规则形容词比较级： good-better, beautiful-more beautiful 二、副词的比较级 1．形容词与副词的区别 (有 be 用形，有形用 be；有动用副，有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或 be 动词之后 ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:wel- better, far- farther) 十四、特殊疑问句 hat are you doing m reading 问什么事什么物或什 What is that? ts a book. What is she? (What's her job She s a nurse What colo颜色) What colour is your coat ts red What time(时间) hat time is it? ts seven hat,'s the time en do you get up? get up at six thirty (什么时候) hen is your birthday? It's on the 21st of december Which(哪一个) hich is your watch, the yellow one or The yellow is mine. the white one? Who(it) Who is the man with a big nose? He's my uncle. Whose(谁的) Whose bag is it? t' s his bag Whose is this bag? Where(哪里) It's under the book Why(为什么) № hy do you like summer? like summer because How many (3/) How many books are there in the There are four books in the chool bag? school bag Wod(几岁) How old is the young man? Hes nineteen How much(多少钱) How much is the toy bear? It's eleven yuan How(怎么样) low do you go to school everyday? I go to school by car. 名词复数的规则变化 名词复数的规则变化 构成法 例词 A.在一般情况下,词尾加s book -books bed- beds bus- buses b B.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词,词尾加-es dish -dishes watch-watches C.以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe改成kne- knives V,再加es D.以o结尾的单词,有生命的物质加es, tomato- tomatoes 无生命的物质加 hoto- phot 以辅音字母加y结尾,先y将改i,再加 family- families city-cies 、现在进行时构成 现在进行时构成(ing形式) 构成法 A.一般加-ig work- working study-studying B.以e结尾的词去e后加i1e-| ingwrite-writing 动词为单音节:以单一元音字母+单一辅stop- stopping 字母结尾,辅音字母双写,再加ing;动rur 词为双音节或者多音节:最后一个音节为重wm- swImming
2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther) 十四、特殊疑问句 What (问什么事,什么物或什 么工作) What are you doing？ I’m reading. What is that? It’s a book. Ｗhat is she?(What’s her job?) She’s a nurse. What colour(问颜色) What colour is your coat? It’s red. What time（时间） What time is it? What’s the time? It’s seven. when (什么时候) When do you get up? I get up at six thirty. When is your birthday? It’s on the 21st of December. Which（哪一个） Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? The yellow is mine. Who（谁） Who is the man with a big nose? He’s my uncle. Whose（谁的） Whose bag is it? Whose is this bag? It’s his bag. Where（哪里） Where is my ball pen? It’s under the book. Why（为什么） Why do you like summer? I like summer because… How many （多少） How many books are there in the school bag? There are four books in the school bag. How old （几岁） How old is the young man? He’s nineteen. How much（多少钱） How much is the toy bear? It’s eleven yuan. How （怎么样） How do you go to school everyday? I go to school by car. 一、名词复数的规则变化 名词复数的规则变化 构 成 法 例 词 A. 在一般情况下，词尾加-s book – books bed -- beds B. 以 s，x，ch，sh 结尾的词，词尾加-es bus – buses box -- boxes dish – dishes watch -- watches C. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，先将 f 或 fe 改成 v，再加-es knife -- knives wife -- wives D. 以 o 结尾的单词，有生命的物质加-es， 无生命的物质加-s tomato -- tomatoes photo -- photos E. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾，先 y 将改 i，再加 上-es family – families city -- cities 二、现在进行时构成 现在进行时构成（ing 形式） 构 成 法 例 词 A. 一般加-ing work – working study -- studying B. 以 e 结尾的词去 e 后加-ing live – living write -- writing C. 动词为单音节：以单一元音字母+单一辅 音字母结尾，辅音字母双写，再加 ing；动 词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重 stop -- stopping run -- running swim -- swimming
读音节,以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结 begin- beginning 尾,辅音字母双写,再加ing 般现在时 般现在时(单三形式) 构成法 A.一般动词在词尾加-s help-he make-makes fix -fixes teach-teaches B.以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的动词在词尾加-e wash -washe c.以。结尾的动词在词尾加e580°-85d-d D.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先y变为fy-fies 再加-s tudy -studies carry- carries E.不规则变化 have --has 四、一般过去时 般过去时(-ed形式) 构成法 般动词在词尾加-ed B.以e结尾的动词在词尾加dNe-hed c.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先y变为i,y-fied 再加-ed study-studied 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写该辅音字母加-ed plan-planned 不规则变化 swim- swam have- had F.be动词变化 are -- were 五、形容词比较级 形容词比较级(er形式) 构成法 A一般直接加er long -longe B如果以e结尾,直接加千 nice nicer C.闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母须双 这个字母,再加-er D.以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为,再 heavy--heavier 加 小学阶段没有强调比较级的不规则变化 PEP教材四会句型汇总 般疑问句 1.-- Did you read books?你读书了吗? Yes,ldd是的,我读过了。/No, i didnt.不,我没有读过 2.- Is she quiet?她文静吗? No, she isn't. She's very actiⅳe.不,她不。她很活跃。 - Is she strict?她严格吗?
读音节，以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结 尾，辅音字母双写，再加 ing begin -- beginning 三、一般现在时 一般现在时（单三形式） 构 成 法 例 词 A. 一般动词在词尾加-s help – helps make -- makes B. 以 s, x , ch，sh，结尾的动词在词尾加-es fix – fixes teach – teaches wash -- washes C. 以 o 结尾的动词在词尾加-es go – goes do -- does D. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，先 y 变为 i，再加-es fly -- flies study – studies carry -- carries E. 不规则变化 have -- has 四、一般过去时 一般过去时（-ed 形式） 构 成 法 例 词 A. 一般动词在词尾加-ed cook -- cooked play -- played B. 以 e 结尾的动词在词尾加-d live -- lived C. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，先 y 变为 i， 再加-ed fly -- flied study -- studied D. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 词，双写该辅音字母加-ed stop -- stopped plan -- planned E. 不规则变化 swim -- swam have -- had F. be 动词变化 am -- was is -- was are -- were 五、形容词比较级 形容词比较级（er 形式） 构 成 法 例 词 A. 一般直接加-er long -- longer B. 如果以-e 结尾，直接加-r nice -- nicer C. 闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母须双 写这个字母，再加-er big -- bigger D. 以辅音字母加-y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i，再 加-er heavy -- heavier 小学阶段没有强调比较级的不规则变化 PEP 教材四会句型汇总 一、一般疑问句 1. --- Did you read books? 你读书了吗？ --- Yes, I did.是的，我读过了。/ No, I didn't. 不，我没有读过。 2. --- Is she quiet? 她文静吗？ --- No, she isn't. She's very active. 不，她不。她很活跃。 --- Is she strict? 她严格吗？