正文 前言: 切题筒述相关文就工作,本研究起因、日的,研究结果和意义。 理论: 本研究的理论依据,尤其是有改进的或新理论。该部分亦可 在结果与讨论部分给出。 实验与方法:实验方法(步骤、条件等)、设备仪器,材料及试剂,(有些 期刊要求给出购买物的供货商名称和地区。)装置示意图等 若与前文描述相同,给出文献,或指出改进或不同之处及原因。 结果与讨论:描述实验过程及现象,或理论推号过程和结果,特别是不同条 件下的结果,结果及分析,与文献对比,新现象的解释等。 图表: 穿插于文字之间,帮助文字说明。图题应给出基本信息,但须 避免与正文内容简单重复 总结或结论:本文工作的总结或结论。避免与文摘重复
前言： 切题简述相关文献工作，本研究起因、目的，研究结果和意义。 理论： 本研究的理论依据，尤其是有改进的或新理论。该部分亦可 在结果与讨论部分给出。 实验与方法： 实验方法（步骤、条件等）、设备仪器，材料及试剂，（有些 期刊要求给出购买物的供货商名称和地区。）装置示意图等。 若与前文描述相同，给出文献，或指出改进或不同之处及原因。 结果与讨论： 描述实验过程及现象，或理论推导过程和结果，特别是不同条 件下的结果，结果及分析，与文献对比，新现象的解释等。 图表： 穿插于文字之间，帮助文字说明。图题应给出基本信息，但须 避免与正文内容简单重复。 总结或结论： 本文工作的总结或结论。避免与文摘重复。 正文
letters to nat 正文:前言(例1) x+3=C -headcase 1心+=1+xa 12) mummies of evgn at a k ctbe permial E 1a+2=1+x Direct electrochemical reduction ,时 h test the rashin ed thr af mgm linhan m quon 0), avenal csperaments were perfrmed lindl otdr and en the sartan af chemica ly tr oftitanium dioxide to titanium in molten calcium chloride dauran in thr xk Fime I omparmthe cdca wltagr le are the amide cale, the prmia of the cathod current aes in hg la are shed nrgatiwch in compon wi George Zheng Chen, Derek J. Fray"& Tom W Farthing cheme in Fig Ih simians the anodic wave are hifted pe tidy in Fig la than in Fiy I Direct electrochemical reductio Wao 4. i, s ad K appear at potentials beyond which the caroler andor deuton polkmtid window i edk votammetry Therefere,we f71 Sir Richards Drive, Harborne, Birmingham B17 8SG, in molten calcium chloride w喜的am Georg aeg ca,即4m! e可 Cantata ====1 !! tant'k, its use has been retried beca af as high pra “文摘式”前言 中由吧 bees hampered b diffie in dimming te reden ataman动的结:a数它的的 ede. The splat and rap usand the apprach shedd b applicabl which w heino 2和1加d数区 carlson ia that mwea imia s les abode Inept) pommel than coum dep boand do b ttans maa m lt是g图bep can be ahirvml dntrechemaly tathe than b the che 如的地Cm如, be aarnarbad a tolar
正文：前言 (例1) “文摘式”前言
正文:前言(例1) Many reactive metals are difficult to prepare in pure form without complicated and expensive procedures-: Although titanium has提出一个普遍问题。 many desirable properties (it is light, strong and corrosion- resistant ), its use has been restricted because of its high proces- sing cost. In the current pyrometallurgical process-the Kroll 切题,以金属钛为例,说 明该普遍问题的后果 process-the titanium minerals rutile and ilmenite are carbo- chlorinated to remove oxygen, iron and other impurities, produ- cing a TiC.4 vapour. This is then reduced to titanium metal by介绍目前钛生产的工业方法, magnesium metal; the by-product MgCl2 is removed by vacuum 以进一步说明问题的起因 distillation. The prediction that this process would be replaced by an electrochemical route- has not been fulfilled; attempts 介绍解决问题的传统思想 involving the electro-deposition of titanium from ionic solutions 及其尚未成功的原因。 have been hampered by difficulties in eliminating the redox cycling of multivalent titanium ions and in handling very reactive dendritic products'. Here we report an electrochemical method简报本研究-一种新 for the direct reduction of solid TiO, in which the oxygen is的电化学方法及原理 ionized, dissolved in a molten salt and discharged at the anode, leaving pure titanium at the cathode. The simplicity and rapidity of this process compared to conventional routes should result in 新方法的特点及意义。 duced production costs and the approach should be applicable to a wide range of metal oxides
提出一个普遍问题。 切题，以金属钛为例，说 明该普遍问题的后果。 介绍目前钛生产的工业方法， 以进一步说明问题的起因。 介绍解决问题的传统思想 及其尚未成功的原因。 简报本研究---一种新 的电化学方法及原理。 新方法的特点及意义。 正文：前言 (例1)
正文:前言(例2) aht 4I.w tmnes cquialat te at A5x lr tonne of CD catering the atmophere. A doned method of nduaag ucon ay be the cltrocbemcal redaction of duction of wbon beran in Is and slon o 9999%.in 回bC Electrochemical Synthesis material for salia productin shuld b Sio. Electrochemical Preparation of Silicon and Its roan l4C Recemthy, n men (d at abou rC Alloys from Solid Oxides in Molten Calcium Chlorideae This lead to a great polity for the producte of wlic Xianbo Jin, Pei Gao, Dila Wang, Xiaohong Hu, and eedly irum wlad S. Hcwever, until ao. there s oaly one kvant report that rm the decrmuredaction of shd George Z Chens the sO,cleto ste) was chice Herein we report the fast conplete, and low ene electrochemical Preparation of Silicon and It Allovs Irun Solid Oxides in Molten Calcin atroredactin ef a porous clectrode prepared trom So. I xiambeJin,Pe Gan Dihua Wang. Xa lng Hot, and leket ating solid wide fw esample, SiO, throagh whid the Bacon can proges "wussy te competin Has- de o whooo alky have alo heen 无文摘,无子目录 的通讯(更常见) cwe In the germens a tunewes we al oum ul be replaced by a m动p自 a the I gwary and the w wire (feure la This w-so.dm then inerted nto miNton CacI at Soc and ecl 1~2段落, -nxs V, whe led to a sharp inarea n the cunent that 门Dx风 P Gae DD H War DxH地 cached a peak of about--125mmA at-1nv The Cobee then went thrgh a wiest anced plateau on which a 500~700字。 F同n couple of small pcaks seen(hmre 2a The pcaks are tha hl so compond to the formate od the calcar and DAieetedPofeue thecwrrent format Upon tearing the penial weep cached more poitie potentia a ltpe poorly defined podi peak occurred at aNot.7 V, thus sogeewing that shod d Owm fr 时结Mngr foudation procew may involve both pure and com- pounded lomm of s A fiber sadly ax the traction He lad whos the SEM imaps of the w-so, lectrode before and aner the lin potental sweep eyde wsm是e“ of rmss rmit ef aheat awu in adh (ig Ib DOl: ho, noon/ane 20085=785
正文：前言(例2) 1~2 段落， 500 ~ 700字。 无文摘，无子目录 的通讯 （更常见）
Silicon plays essential roles in the fabrication of solar cells. silicon chips, optical fibres, silicones, and is important as an 正文:前言(例2) element in lighter and stronger alloys, as well as hundreds of other advanced applications. The industrial production of 切题,简介硅的用途 silicon is at present mainly through the carbothermic reduc- generation of CO2B4 This old-fashioned charcoal technology:硅的工业生产方法,及其缺点和问题。社会 should be replaced by a more advanced process from the:(环保)期望,并用统计数字进一步说明 viewpoint of an environmentalist, in that the earth's climate is gradually becoming worse owing to the emission of green-. house gases. 5 The world production of silicon in2002was:介绍解决问题的传统尝试及成功的方面,同时 : about41 x 10 tonnes, equivalent to about653×1ones;用数字(高文)暗示缺点。 of CO, entering the atmosphere. A desired method of producing silicon may be the electrochemical reduction of SiO, in which the use of carbon reductant can be avoided and介绍近期新方法研究-电化学固态还原脱氧 thence less environmental damage. In fact, electrolytic pr并指出用之于硅生产的可能性。 duction of silicon began in 1854, and silicon of 99.999%in purity was later claimed! upon electrolysis of fluorosilicates lin molten fluorides. DeMattei et al. in 12 suggestedIthat新方法在制备硅方面的研究现状-首篇且唯 he ideal raw material for silicon production should be Sio-的相关文献报道,且结果有改进的必要。 and silicon metal with a purity of 99.97% was produced in the stem with the cell temperature beins romd140 C. Recently, in molten CaCI: at about9c:本研究简介(不是文)-方法、结果、预测、 electrochemical deoxygenation of metals was investi-:更广泛应用 egated. 0-12 It was reported more recently13-17I that when 'solid metal oxides are made into an electrode, regardless of:. Herein. we report the fast, complete, and low energy their electron conductivities, they can be electroreduced (or: electroreduction of a porous electrode prepared from SiOz electrodeoxidised)directly to the respective metals or alloys. powder. We also report an experimental observation that This leads to a great possibility for the production of silicon might indicate the existence of an optimal thickness of an directly from solid SiO, However, until now, there is only one insulating solid oxide, for example, SiO2, through which the relevant report that concerns the electroreduction of solid 'electroreduction can progress"quickly"to completion. Fur- SiOz, and only partial reduction of the SiO, electrode (quartz thermore, two examples of silicon alloys have also been plate) was achieved. [Is produced by the same electroreduction method
正文：前言(例2) 切题，简介硅的用途。 介绍解决问题的传统尝试及成功的方面，同时 用数字（高文）暗示缺点。 新方法在制备硅方面的研究现状--- 首篇且唯一 的相关文献报道，且结果有改进的必要。 硅的工业生产方法，及其缺点和问题。社会 （环保）期望，并用统计数字进一步说明。 介绍近期新方法研究---电化学固态还原脱氧--- 并指出用之于硅生产的可能性。 本研究简介（不是文摘）---方法、结果、预测、 更广泛应用