7. Illicit major(undistributed major term) All M are P (All radicals are communists No S are m(No socialists are radicals) Therefore, Some S are not P(Some socialists are not communists)
11 • 7. Illicit major (undistributed major term): • All M are P (All radicals are communists) • No S are M (No socialists are radicals) • Therefore, Some S are not P (Some socialists are not communists)
8. Illicit minor(undistributed minor term All P are M(All space students are clever All M areS(All clever persons are lazy) Therefore, All S are P(All lazy persons are SPACE Students) 12
12 • 8. Illicit minor (undistributed minor term) • All P are M (All SPACE students are clever) • All M are S (All clever persons are lazy) • Therefore, All S are P (All lazy persons are SPACE students)
9. Two negative premises(exclusive premises) No Mare (No students are grateful) Some m are not s ( some students are not polite) Therefore, Some S are not P(Some polite persons are not grateful)
13 • 9. Two negative premises (exclusive premises) • No M are P (No students are grateful) • Some M are not S (Some students are not polite) • Therefore, Some S are not P (Some polite persons are not grateful)
10. Illicit negative/affirmative All M areP(All boys are naughty) Some M are not s(some boys are not handsome) Therefore, Some s are P(Some handsome persons are naughty
14 • 10. Illicit negative/affirmative • All M are P (All boys are naughty) • Some M are not S (Some boys are not handsome) • Therefore, Some S are P (Some handsome persons are naughty)
All P are M. (All principals are cruel) All M are s.(All cruel persons are sick) Therefore, Some S are not P ( Some sick persons are not principals) 15
15 • All P are M. (All principals are cruel) • All M are S. (All cruel persons are sick) • Therefore, Some S are not P. (Some sick persons are not principals)