Keynotes in Organic Chemistry sp hybridisation C-Cg-bond sthyrs:2x C-H Ghonds.1 x C-C gbond.2 s C-Cx-bonds the aoms are sphyridised and bood灰 E是eN 013 c=c 810 0.12 ength.because the ecrre held closer to the nuclus p HC-CHTH HC=CH-H HCECTH shorte
reand Bonding 1.6 Inductive effects.hype rconjugation and mesomeric effects 1.6.1 Inductive effects Whn the r -l group CHO,COR 4C-部-品-品-a elleibleem ond lone pair contributions.and this can (measured in debyes(D).the more polar the compound. 1.6.2 Hyperconjugation oing lecrohn Thepochar
Keynotes in Organic Chemistry oroundhis hiing eec vacant p-orbital 1.6.3 Mesomeric effects bond fra e elec e diffe Positive mesomeric effect eclcrons.thehaspoe ·>c=cH-8R onco nonin he Ci c8R 甲 Negative mesomeric effect cecons the hasaeaive aI-FaR C=CH-IR
kepeeatRsaRasamneehe overall charge and obey the same rules of valeny. CHO,C(O)R,CO H,CO Me,NO2,CN,aromatics,alkenes Aromatic (or aryl)groups and alkenes can be borh +M and-M ROCHCHR RO-CH-CHR M group -M group Nea ARoeaeieienrsnnacoo
10 Chemist 1.7 Acidity and basicity 1.7.1 Acids acidity constant Base K。,0A9 pK。=-logioK, The pK-value equals the pH of the acid when it is half dissociated pH-0.strongly acidi pH =7,rcutral H.strongy basie alisedover the hydrogen-b 3 33 >H,0>,>CH increasing electrceegativity Therefore.Fis more stable than H.C