大学物理(热学) 金晓峰 复旦大学物理系 xfin@fudan.edu.cn ftp:/10.45.8888大学物理06xfin 2006-9-30 2021/9/5
2021/9/5 1 大学物理（热学） 金晓峰 复旦大学物理系 xfjin@fudan.edu.cn ftp://10.45.88.88/大学物理06xfjin 2006-9-30
1913, Planck, Nernst, Rubens, and Warburg proposed Einstein for Prussian Academy 6... That he may sometimes have missed the target in his speculations, as for example, in his hypothesis of light quanta cannot really be held too much against him, for it is not possible to introduce fundamentally new ideas, even in the most exact sciences, without occasionally taking a risk
“ … That he may sometimes have missed the target in his speculations, as for example, in his hypothesis of light quanta , cannot really be held too much against him, for it is not possible to introduce fundamentally new ideas, even in the most exact sciences, without occasionally taking a risk. ” 1913, Planck, Nernst, Rubens, and Warburg proposed Einstein for Prussian Academy:
James Clark Maxwell It is of great advantage to the student of any subject to read the origina memoirs on that subject for science is always most completely assimilated when it is in the nascent state
It is of great advantage to the student of any subject t o r e a d t h e o r i g i n a l memoirs on that subject, for science is always most completely assimilated when it is in the nascent state. James Clark Maxwell
James Clark Maxwell 对任何领域的学生来说 阅读相关的原始文献都是极 有益处的,因为处在雏形中 的科学最容易被消化
对任何领域的学生来说， 阅读相关的原始文献都是极 有益处的，因为处在雏形中 的科学最容易被消化。 James Clark Maxwell
MAXWELL: THE DYNAMICAL THEORY OF GASES Phil Mag. 19(1860)19153 Let n be the whole number of particles. Let x, y, z be the com- ponents of the velocity of each particle in three rectangular direc- tions,and let the number of particles for which x lies between x and x+ dx, be Nf(x)dx, where f(x) is a function of x to be determined The number of particles for which y lies between y and y+ dy will be Nfdy; and the number for which z lies between z and z dz will be Nf(z)dz, where f always stands for the same function Now the existence of the velocity x does not in any way affect that of the velocities y or z, since these are all at right angles to each other and independent, so that the number of particles whose velocity lies between x and x dx, and also between y and y t dy, and also between z and z dz, is M(x)0)(2kx劬d If we suppose the N particles to start from the origin at the same instant, then this will be the number in the element of volume (dx dy dz) after unit of time, and the number referred to unit of volume will be Nf(fo)f(z)
Phil. Mag. 19 (1860) 19