丰 or esTers Negative Impacts Capital exporter Capital Importer 1. Increase country risk; Foreign monopoly nationalization and and control of confiscation domestic sectors 2. Unemployment 2. Increase of external 3. Tax loss: debt
Negative Impacts Capital Exporter Capital Importer 1. Increase country risk; nationalization and confiscation; 2. Unemployment; 3. Tax loss; 1. Foreign monopoly and control of domestic sectors 2. Increase of external debt;
丰 or esTers Foreign Debt accumulation and Debt-Servicing Ratio I ag Foreign lenders tend to be more concerned about a country's prospective earnings ability and hence use the debt/export ratio 偿债率,= 外债偿还额+利息 商品劳务出口收汇额, i本年度
Foreign Debt Accumulation and Debt-Servicing Ratio I Foreign lenders tend to be more concerned about a country’s prospective earnings ability and hence use the debt/export ratio. i = 本年度
丰 刻2E Foreign Debt accumulation and Debt-Servicing Ratio 2 38衡量偿债率的标准随着时间的推移而变化。 381955(5%);→1965(10%)→1990(20%25%) 8危险线”贷款国停止继续提供贷款的界限 ge However, economic behavior in the indebted country may well be influenced more by the ratio of debt to total output than to exports. In reality, an increase in foreign debt reduces saving by more than it reduces investment Hence, the current account deficit worsens as foreign indebtedness rises over time. When foreign ndebtedness reaches some critical level. additional capital inflows seem to do more harm than good
Foreign Debt Accumulation and Debt-Servicing Ratio 2 衡量偿债率的标准随着时间的推移而变化。 1955 (5%); 1965 (10%) 1990s (20%~25%) “危险线” 贷款国停止继续提供贷款的界限。 However, economic behavior in the indebted country may well be influenced more by the ratio of debt to total output than to exports. In reality, an increase in foreign debt reduces saving by more than it reduces investment. Hence, the current account deficit worsens as foreign indebtedness rises over time. When foreign indebtedness reaches some critical level, additional capital inflows seem to do more harm than good
丰 or esTers Multinational Enterprise and Bank-l se Changes in the Pattern of Capital movements The 1980s brought some surprising changes in the pattern of international trade in capital. Borrowing by developing countries was sharply curtailed, while the United states traditionally a capital exporter, suddenly emerged as the worlds largest importer. The reasons for the decline in developing country borrowing are no mystery: a collapse of confidence in these countries ability to reply their debts, the so-called"debt crises Emerge of new investment opportunities in the U.S
Multinational Enterprise and Bank-1 Changes in the Pattern of Capital Movements. The 1980s brought some surprising changes in the pattern of international trade in capital. Borrowing by developing countries was sharply curtailed, while the United States traditionally a capital exporter, suddenly emerged as the world’s largest importer. The reasons for the decline in developing country borrowing are no mystery: a collapse of confidence in these countries’ ability to reply their debts, the so-called “debt crises”. Emerge of new investment opportunities in the U.S
丰 or esTers Multinational Enterprise and Bank-2 Net exports of capital. billions of dollars 20 Developing countries 40 U. S -100 120 -140 160 -180 1980 1983 1986 1989 1991
Multinational Enterprise and Bank-2