The moderate open-door policy was implemented so as to have facilitated a frequent exchange in economy and culture with foreign countries. Literature took a pride in the poetry of Tang. Chen Zi ang at the prime, Li Bai and Du Fu at the culmination bai juyi and yuan shen in the middle, and Li Shangyin and du Mu at the decline are the prominent representatives springing from a titanic circle of poets. The Classic Movement advocated by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, the calligraphy by Yan Zhenqing the paintings by Nian Liben, Wu Daozi, Li Sixun and Wang Wei, the music and dance such as the Dance in Colorful Feathered Gown as well as grotto carvings in large quantities altogether retained immortal values Printing and gunpowder, as the technological feats listed into the great four Inventions of china were unveiled at the times
• The moderate open-door policy was implemented so as to have facilitated a frequent exchange in economy and culture with foreign countries. Literature took a pride in the poetry of Tang. Chen Zi’ang at the prime, Li Bai and Du Fu at the culmination, Bai Juyi and Yuan Shen in the middle, and Li Shangyin and Du Mu at the decline are the prominent representatives springing from a titanic circle of poets. The Classic Movement advocated by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, the calligraphy by Yan Zhenqing, the paintings by Nian Liben, Wu Daozi, Li Sixun and Wang Wei, the music and dance such as the Dance in Colorful Feathered Gown as well as grotto carvings in large quantities altogether retained immortal values. Printing and gunpowder, as the technological feats listed into the Great Four Inventions of China, were unveiled at the times
In 960 Zhao Qiangyin, the later Emperor Tai of the Song Dynasty launched a rebellion at Chengqiao substituting Song(960-1279) for the Later zhou, the disperse phase surviving during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms thus eliminated In the meantime Liao Dynasty(947-1125) of the Qidan on the north and the Western Xia Dynasty (1038-1227)of the Dangxiang on the northwest emerged along with Song in check balance as the Three Kingdoms did a millennium before. In 1115 the Jurchen Dynasty(1115-1234)of the Nuzhen on the north crushed Liao, and marched into Kaifeng, the capital of Song pillaging away Emperor hui and Emperor Qin, a token of annihilation of the North Song. Charged with the shame Zhao Gou, the High Emperor of the South Song was enthroned in Yingtianfu, the southern capital(modern Shangqiu in Henan Province), shortly later retreated to Lin an(modern Hangzhou) lingering there in the long run to the south of the Yangtze River Valley
• In 960 Zhao Qiangyin, the later Emperor Tai of the Song Dynasty launched a rebellion at Chengqiao substituting Song (960-1279) for the Later Zhou, the disperse phase surviving during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms thus eliminated. In the meantime Liao Dynasty (947-1125) of the Qidan on the north and the Western Xia Dynasty(1038-1227) of the Dangxiang on the northwest emerged along with Song in check balance as the Three Kingdoms did a millennium before. In 1115 the Jurchen Dynasty (1115-1234) of the Nuzhen on the north crushed Liao, and marched into Kaifeng, the capital of Song pillaging away Emperor Hui and Emperor Qin, a token of annihilation of the North Song. Charged with the shame, Zhao Gou, the High Emperor of the South Song was enthroned in Yingtianfu, the southern capital (modern Shangqiu in Henan Province), shortly later retreated to Lin’an (modern Hangzhou) lingering there in the long run to the south of the Yangtze River Valley
The Song Dynasty was preeminent in natural sciences Compass, printing and gunpowder had been in effect then, particularly the movable type printing of which was invented four hundred years earlier than the european counterparts. The first astronomical clock in the world-a water-run observatory made by Su song and the notes at the dream stream by shen Kuo deserved a high honor in the history of science and technology The Way Doctrine gained momentum in the philosophical field while Taoism, Buddhism and other alien religions were equally prevailing. A host of literary masters arose with Ou Yangxiu as their representative Song Lyrics reached the peak of the contemporary literature, a long list of the originators being highlighted Yan Shu, Liu Yong, Su Shi, Zhou Bangyan, Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji, and so forth during the song-Jin period Huaben(script for story-telling) and operas were highly appreciated
• The Song Dynasty was preeminent in natural sciences. Compass, printing and gunpowder had been in effect then, particularly the movable type printing of which was invented four hundred years earlier than the European counterparts. The first astronomical clock in the world－a water–run observatory made by Su Song and the Notes at the Dream Stream by Shen Kuo deserved a high honor in the history of science and technology. • The Way Doctrine gained momentum in the philosophical field while Taoism, Buddhism and other alien religions were equally prevailing. A host of literary masters arose with Ou Yangxiu as their representative. Song Lyrics reached the peak of the contemporary literature, a long list of the originators being highlighted: Yan Shu, Liu Yong, Su Shi, Zhou Bangyan, Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji, and so forth. During the Song-Jin period, Huaben (script for story-telling) and operas were highly appreciated
The current painting featured a natural landscape focused on hills or mountains, rivers, flowers and birds a broad view of Riversides on the Memorial Day, a masterpiece typical of traditional Chinese painting portraying hundreds of Song civilians and their daily life by zhang Zeduan, was highly of historical significance
• The current painting featured a natural landscape focused on hills or mountains, rivers, flowers and birds. A Broad View of Riversides on the Memorial Day, a masterpiece typical of traditional Chinese painting portraying hundreds of Song civilians and their daily life by Zhang Zeduan, was highly of historical significance
In 1206 upon the constitution of Mongol Empire to the north of the mongol Desert, Genghis Khan waged a pillaging war on the neighboring kingdoms. Having abolished Xixia Kingdom(1227)and Jin Kingdom(1234 he led the Mongol cavalry troops on three successive expeditions westwards, and captured Bobolier( in modern Poland), Mazhar( in modern Hungary), Bagdad and Damas sweeping across Eurasia. In 1260 Kublai Khan, Emperor Shi of the Yuan Dynasty acceded to the crown and claimed Kaiping(in Inner Mongol) as the Upper capital, and Yanjing(modern Beijing)as the Middle Capital. He paid a high tribute to the traditional Chinese sovereignty and commenced a reformation of the Mongol institutions In 1271 he conferred his mongol Empire a title the Great Yuan, and then in 1279 demolished the Southern Song. In 1368 a new army belonging to the Ming Dynasty operated on an assault at the Middle Capital, and Emperor Hui of Yuan was forced to withdraw from the central China, retreating northward to the Mongol Desert. The Yuan Dynasty collapsed
• In 1206 upon the constitution of Mongol Empire to the north of the Mongol Desert, Genghis Khan waged a pillaging war on the neighboring kingdoms. Having abolished Xixia Kingdom (1227) and Jin Kingdom (1234), he led the Mongol cavalry troops on three successive expeditions westwards, and captured Bobolier ( in modern Poland), Mazhar ( in modern Hungary), Bagdad and Damasq, sweeping across Eurasia. In 1260 Kublai Khan, Emperor Shi of the Yuan Dynasty acceded to the crown and claimed Kaiping (in Inner Mongol) as the Upper capital, and Yanjing (modern Beijing) as the Middle Capital. He paid a high tribute to the traditional Chinese sovereignty and commenced a reformation of the Mongol institutions. In 1271 he conferred his Mongol Empire a title the Great Yuan, and then in 1279 demolished the Southern Song. In 1368 a new army belonging to the Ming Dynasty operated on an assault at the Middle Capital, and Emperor Hui of Yuan was forced to withdraw from the central China, retreating northward to the Mongol Desert. The Yuan Dynasty collapsed