During the course of 1, 800 plus years of the Pre-Qin Period the ancestors of Chinese nation brought into existence a brilliant civilization of which the tortoise Shell Script(Shang Script) and the ritual bronze vessels moulded in Xia and Shang outshone the rest as a historic sign of human civilization Confucius, the foremost ideologist of that day, coupled with other scholars, initiated a primary prosperity regarding cultural and academic affairs in china The master suns Tactics and Strategy written by Master Sun, a distinguished military scientist living in the Spring-Autumn Period, has hitherto been appraised prodigiously in military strategy and economy. That day was challenged by an eminent poet genius Qu Yuan and Gan Shi Star Canon, the latter being acknowledged the earliest star chart in the world. It was within this historic phase that China grew from dispersion to unification
• During the course of 1,800 plus years of the Pre-Qin Period the ancestors of Chinese nation brought into existence a brilliant civilization, of which the Tortoise Shell Script (Shang Script) and the ritual bronze vessels moulded in Xia and Shang outshone the rest as a historic sign of human civilization. Confucius, the foremost ideologist of that day, coupled with other scholars, initiated a primary prosperity regarding cultural and academic affairs in China. The Master Sun’s Tactics and Strategy written by Master Sun, a distinguished military scientist living in the Spring-Autumn Period, has hitherto been appraised prodigiously in military strategy and economy. That day was challenged by an eminent poet genius Qu Yuan and Gan Shi Star Canon, the latter being acknowledged the earliest star chart in the world. It was within this historic phase that China grew from dispersion to unification
In 221 B.C. having terminated the long-standing wars among dukes or princes, Shih Huang-ti or First Emperor, fulfilled his noteworthy feat by unifying China and established the first centralized unified and mult nationality state in the history of China-Qin(221 BC 206B.C Over the duration of the Qin-Han period the concentration system under feudalist despotism together with such serial measures as county-instituted system came into existence and accordingly was perfected as a paragon for the descending emperors. Thanks to massive progress in the existing economy ascended the Peaceful Order in the Reign of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing of Han when liberal arts and natural sciences were surging on vigorously. The Records of the Historian by si Magian the eight - Dragon Seismograph by Zhang Heng, the Nine-Chapter Book of Arithmetic and the Yellow Emperor's Book of Physicians and so on so forth exerted a crucial influence on the upcoming ages
• In 221 B.C. having terminated the long-standing wars among dukes or princes, Shih Huang-ti or First Emperor, fulfilled his noteworthy feat by unifying China and established the first centralized, unified and multi- nationality state in the history of China —Qin (221 B.C.- 206 B.C.) • Over the duration of the Qin-Han period the concentration system under feudalist despotism together with such serial measures as county-instituted system came into existence and accordingly was perfected as a paragon for the descending emperors. Thanks to massive progress in the existing economy ascended the Peaceful Order in the Reign of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing of Han when liberal arts and natural sciences were surging on vigorously. The Records of the Historian by Si Maqian, the Eight-Dragon Seismograph by Zhang Heng, the Nine-Chapter Book of Arithmetic and the Yellow Emperor’s Book of Physicians and so on so forth exerted a crucial influence on the upcoming ages
Cai Lun, a junior officer, updated the method of paper making, which was honored as one of the Great Four Inventions in the ancient China. Also in this stage Buddhism was ushered into china and meanwhile aoism sprouted on the native land Toward the close of the Eastern Han Dynasty broke out of the Yellow Towel Revolt. The spiteful landlords, when suppressing the uprising soldiers, consolidated themselves and gradually constituted separatist warlords regimes. Wei Kingdom, Shu Kingdom and Wu Kingdom arose in tripartite balance; and before long sixteen kingdoms in the eastern Jin Dynasty were plunged into conflicts and tumults successively. The South Dynasties had been in rivalry with the north Dynasties for over two hundred years
• Cai Lun, a junior officer, updated the method of paper making, which was honored as one of the Great Four Inventions in the ancient China. Also in this stage Buddhism was ushered into China, and meanwhile Taoism sprouted on the native land. • Toward the close of the Eastern Han Dynasty broke out of the Yellow Towel Revolt. The spiteful landlords, when suppressing the uprising soldiers, consolidated themselves and gradually constituted separatist warlords regimes. Wei Kingdom, Shu Kingdom and Wu Kingdom arose in tripartite balance; and before long sixteen kingdoms in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were plunged into conflicts and tumults successively. The South Dynasties had been in rivalry with the North Dynasties for over two hundred years
In the period of time the economy in the South stretched its wings Consecutively the minorities wandering as nomads in the north and the west migrated to the interior, a significant event for a merger of various peoples. Both economical and cultural exchanges were extended southward to linyi (central vietnam) and Funan Cambodia ) eastward to Korea Peninsula and Japan, and westward to the kingdoms in the mid-Asia and Daqin( rome Empire With regard to the field of philosophy or religion metaphysics prevailed while Buddhism, under the wing of the secular rulers struggled with Taoism spreading rampantly In the light of literature this phase witnessed Jianan -Period Seven Wits, Tao Yuanming as a Utopian poet, Liu Xie noted for Carving a Dragon at the Core of Literature, Wang Xizhi the calligraphist and Gu Kaizhi the painter and their peers, and the grotto engraving as represented by Dun Huang Grottos, all of which attained ever-lasting fame
• In the period of time the economy in the South stretched its wings. Consecutively the minorities wandering as nomads in the north and the west migrated to the interior, a significant event for a merger of various peoples. Both economical and cultural exchanges were extended southward to Linyi (central Vietnam) and Funan ( Cambodia ), eastward to Korea Peninsula and Japan, and westward to the kingdoms in the mid-Asia and Daqin ( Rome Empire ). • With regard to the field of philosophy or religion metaphysics prevailed while Buddhism, under the wing of the secular rulers, struggled with Taoism spreading rampantly. In the light of literature this phase witnessed Jian’an-Period Seven Wits, Tao Yuanming as a Utopian poet, Liu Xie noted for Carving a Dragon at the Core of Literature, Wang Xizhi the calligraphist and Gu Kaizhi the painter and their peers, and the grotto engraving as represented by Dun Huang Grottos, all of which attained ever-lasting fame
In science and technology Zu Chongzhi was the first mathematician in the world to calculate accurately the ratio of circumference into seven digits behind decimal point, leading the world roughly one thousand years ahead: on the other hand the peasants Know-How of Qi Kingdom written by Jia Sixie is recognized a masterpiece in the history of global agriculture In 581, Yang Jian, a relative of the northern Zhou court, ascended the throne of the Sui Dynasty, shortly abolishing chen Kingdom in 589, the South and the North reunited in the end. In 618 with an assistance from Shiming the son Li Yuan obtained the crown of the High Emperor of Tang Dynasty(618-907). During Sui and Tang there had been remarkable achievements regarding institutions, laws and codes, out of which the establishment of three courts and six departments the service examination system, and the double tax law maintained a far-reaching significance
• In science and technology Zu Chongzhi was the first mathematician in the world to calculate accurately the ratio of circumference into seven digits behind decimal point, leading the world roughly one thousand years ahead; on the other hand the Peasants Know-How of Qi Kingdom written by Jia Sixie is recognized a masterpiece in the history of global agriculture. • In 581, Yang Jian, a relative of the Northern Zhou court, ascended the throne of the Sui Dynasty, shortly abolishing Chen Kingdom in 589, the South and the North reunited in the end. In 618 with an assistance from Li Shiming the son, Li Yuan obtained the crown of the High Emperor of Tang Dynasty ( 618-907). During Sui and Tang, there had been remarkable achievements regarding institutions , laws and codes , out of which the establishment of three courts and six departments, the service examination system, and the double tax law maintained a far-reaching significance