Saccharides 非对映异构体 I CHO I CHO ICHO ICHO H OH H OH HO、2 H HO H H OH HO-H HO H OH H OH H H OH H H H OH CH,OH CH,OH CH2OH CH2OH D-Glucose D-Allose D-Glucose D-Mannose I CHO I CHO H OH H OH HO HO H HO OH H- H CH2OH CH,OH D-Glucose D-Galactose Epimer差向异构体
Saccharides 非对映异构体 Epimer 差向异构体 CHO H OH HO H H OH CH2OH H OH 2 1 3 4 5 6 CHO H OH HO H HO H CH2OH H OH 2 1 3 4 5 6 D-Glucose D-Mannose CHO H OH HO H H OH CH2OH H OH 2 1 3 4 5 6 CHO H OH H OH H OH CH2OH H OH 2 1 3 4 5 6 D-Glucose D-Allose CHO H OH HO H H OH CH2OH H OH 2 1 3 4 5 6 CHO HO H HO H H OH CH2OH H OH 2 1 3 4 5 6 D-Glucose D-Galactose
Saccharides 糖构型表示法:DL Fischer投影式;与甘油醛比较 CHO CHO 甘油醛: H-OH HO CH,OH CH,OH D-(+)-Glyceraldehyde L-(-Glyceraldehyde CHO CHO CHO CHO OH HO H HO-3-H H OH OH OH HO H OH HO CH,OH CH,Oh CH,OH CH,OH 简化式 D-Glucose L-Glucose
甘油醛： CHO CH2OH H OH CHO CH2OH HO H D-(+)-Glyceraldehyde L-(-)-Glyceraldehyde Saccharides 糖构型表示法： D/LFischer 投影式；与甘油醛比较 CHO H OH HO H H OH CH2OH H OH CHO HO H H OH HO H CH2OH HO H 2 1 3 4 5 6 D-Glucose L-Glucose CHO OH HO OH CH2OH OH CHO CH2OH 简化式
Saccharides D-醛糖系列 CHO CH,OH D-Glyceraldehyde CHO CHO H-OH HO.★ H CH,OH CH,OH D- Erythrose(D赤藓糖) D- Threose(D-苏糖) CHO CHO CHO CHO . OH H O上 H HO H HO H H OH OH H oH H OH OH CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH D- Ribose(D核糖) D-Arabinose(D阿拉伯糖) D-Xylose(D木糖) D- Lyxose(D来苏糖) CHO CHO CHO CHO CHO CHO CHO HO H OH H-OH OH HO HO OH OH HO HO Ho H OH OH H H OH OH OH CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH CHOH CH,OH D-Allose D-Altrose D-Glucose D-Ma D-Gulose D-Idose D-Galactose D-Talose (D-阿洛糖) (D阿卓糖)(D葡萄糖)(D甘露糖)(-古罗糖 ①-艾杜糖)(D半乳糖) (D塔洛糖)
Saccharides H OH CHO CH2OH CH2OH H OH H OH CHO CH2OH H OH HO H CHO CH2OH H OH H OH H OH CHO CH2OH H OH H OH HO H CHO CH2OH H OH HO H H OH CHO CH2OH H OH H OH H OH H OH CHO CH2OH H OH H OH H OH HO H CHO CH2OH H OH H OH HO H H OH CHO CH2OH H OH H OH HO H HO H CHO CH2OH H OH HO H H OH H OH CHO CH2OH H OH HO H H OH HO H CHO CH2OH H OH HO H HO H H OH CHO CH2OH H OH HO H HO H HO H CHO CH2OH H OH HO H HO H CHO D-Glyceraldehyde D-Erythrose (D-赤藓糖) D-Threose(D-苏糖) D-Ribose(D-核糖) D-Arabinose(D-阿拉伯糖) D-Xylose(D-木糖) D-Lyxose(D-来苏糖) D-Allose (D-阿洛糖) D-Altrose (D-阿卓糖) D-Glucose (D-葡萄糖) D-Mannose (D-甘露糖) D-Gulose (D-古罗糖) D-Idose (D-艾杜糖) D-Galactose (D-半乳糖) D-Talose (D-塔洛糖) D -醛糖系列
Saccharides D-,L型糖互为一对对映体 自然界存在的糖大多数都是D型 D.L.只用在糖、α氨基酸、α羟基酸的构型表示
D-， L-型糖互为一对对映体 自然界存在的糖大多数都是D-型 D. L. 只用在糖、-氨基酸、-羟基酸的构型表示 Saccharides
Saccharides 实验现象 OCH3 RCHO +2Ch2 OH dry hcl R-C-H acetal OCH C6H1206 +CH3OH dry HC,(C6H11O5)-OCH3 (2) Glucose Tollens Glucose Fehling Glucose NaHsO3
Saccharides (1) Glucose + Tollens Glucose + Fehling Glucose + NaHSO3 × acetal 实验现象 RCHO + 2CH3OH R C H OCH3 OCH3 dry HCl C6H12O6 + CH3OH dry HCl (C6H11O5) OCH3 (2)