Energy and the Environment CHEN HONG E-mail:chong@fudan.edu.cn Phone:021-65642526 复旦大学环境科学与工程系 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
Energy and the Environment CHEN HONG E-mail: chong@fudan.edu.cn Phone: 021-65642526
Direct uses of solar radiation Indirect less direct uses of solar radiation Hydroelectricity Wind energy Biomass Renewable Ocean thermal gradients Energy Ocean currents Ocean waves Ocean tides Geothermal resources 复旦大学环境科学与工程系 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
Direct uses of solar radiation Indirect/Less direct uses of solar radiation Hydroelectricity Wind energy Biomass Ocean thermal gradients Ocean currents Ocean waves Ocean tides Geothermal resources Renewable Energy
Solar radiation 174,000×1012W Short-wave Tidal diation adiation Direct reflection 52,000×1012W(30%) Tides, tidal currents, etc. 3×1012W Direct conversion to heat 82,000×1012W(47% Evaporation, precipitation, etc Storage 40,000×1012w(23% water anc ice Convection Volcanoes and hot springs 0.3×1012w Winds, 370×102W Decay Photosynthesis Storage Conduction Animals 40×1012W in plants 32×1012W Terrestrial Earh 00400310108818311 Fossil fuels Nuclear therma Figure5. 1 Natural energy flow (in units of power) to and from the earth. Source: M. K Hubbert, Mans Conquest of Energy: Its Ecological and Human Consequences, in The environmental and Ecological Forum 1971-1972. Washington D. C: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Publication TID-25857, 1972.) 复旦大学环境科学与工程系 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
Figure5.1 Natural energy flow(in units of power) to and from the earth. (Source:M.K. Hubbert, “Man’s Conquest of Energy: Its Ecological and Human Consequences,” in The Environmental and Ecological Forum 1971-1972. Washington D.C.: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Publication TID-25857, 1972.)
Hydropower It dates back to the beginnings of the electric power industry more than 100 years ago In us about 7% of the electric power now generated comes from damming the rivers as they flow to the ocean and then releasing the water to turn turbines connected to electric generators In other countries electricity from water power Norway 99% Nepal 95% Brazil 93% New zealand 78% Canada 58% Sweden 50% 复旦大学环境科学与工程系 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
It dates back to the beginnings of the electric power industry more than 100 years ago. In US.: About 7% of the electric power now generated comes from damming the rivers as they flow to the ocean and then releasing the water to turn turbines connected to electric generators. Hydropower In other countries: electricity from water power Norway 99% Nepal 95% Brazil 93% New Zealand 78% Canada 58% Sweden 50%
Hydropower was important long before electricity generation possible Moving water acting on a waterwheel can be used to ease human labor was found about 2000 years ago Waterwheel Grinding grain mechanisms Sawing wood 13th century to operate hammers in ironworks of western Europe 1 6th century, the primary source of industrial power Finally it was replaced by steam engine in many application Now, we use water power almost exclusively for the generation of electricity 复旦大学环境科学与工程系 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
Hydropower was important long before electricity generation possible Moving water acting on a waterwheel can be used to ease human labor was found about 2000 years ago. Waterwheel mechanisms Grinding grain Sawing wood 13th century, to operate hammers in ironworks of western Europe 16th century, the primary source of industrial power Finally it was replaced by steam engine in many application. Now, we use water power almost exclusively for the generation of electricity