Genera| lized tonic-clonic seizure(强直-阵挛性发作) grad mal seizure(大发作) Loss of consciousness (意识丧失) and a strong tonic spasm(强直性痉挛) that is due to violent and continuous contraction 强宜一阵摩发作 of skeletal muscle, tonigsejomie seizure ollowed by a clonic convulsion(阵挛性抽搐) that indicate rapidly alternating contraction and relaxation
6 (意识丧失) and a strong tonic spasm (强直性痉挛) that is due to violent and continuous contraction o f s k e l e t a l m u s c l e , fol lowed by a c loni c convulsion(阵挛性抽搐) that indicate rapidly alternating contraction and relaxation. Generalized tonic-clonic seizure (强直-阵挛性发作) — grad mal seizure (大发作)
迤拨的病因 原发性癫痫 遗传因素 继发性癫痫 一脑血管病、脑外伤、脑炎 脑肿瘤、脑寄生虫、理化因素等
7 Ø原发性癫痫 —— 遗传因素 Ø继发性癫痫 —— 脑血管病、脑外伤、脑炎、 脑肿瘤、脑寄生虫、理化 因素等 癫痫的病因
Pathogenesis of epilepsy l 正常脑细胞 seizure 异常高频放电 病灶 Electrophysiology 1. The initiation of abnormal discharge from the focal area 2. The spread of abnormal discharge to adiacent bI rain areas 1. Unbalanced function of neurotransmitters 2. Instable neuronal membrane
8 Pathogenesis of epilepsy seizure Electrophysiology 1. The initiation of abnormal discharge from the focal area 2. The spread of abnormal discharge to adjacent brain areas 1. Unbalanced function of neurotransmitters 2. Instable neuronal membrane
Pharmacological actions Electrophysiology 1. Block the initiation of abnormal discharge from the focal area 2. Prevent the spread of abnormal discharge to adjacent brain areas 正常脑细胞 异常高频放电 病灶
9 1. Block the initiation of abnormal discharge from the focal area. 2. Prevent the spread of abnormal discharge to adjacent brain areas Pharmacological actions Electrophysiology
Mechanisms of antiepilepsy drugs 1. Balance neurotransmitters(平衡递质) (1)Enhance GABAergic transmission(Cl, k+) 2)Diminish glutamate function(Ca2+, nat 2. Stabilize membrane(膜稳定作用 (1)Decrease activity of voltage-dependent Nat channels 2 Decrease activity of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels N-type(neuronal); L-type(long lasting) T-type(transient)
10 Mechanisms of antiepilepsy drugs (1) Decrease activity of voltage-dependent Na+ channels (2) Decrease activity of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels N-type (neuronal); L-type (long lasting) T-type (transient) 1. Balance neurotransmitters(平衡递质) (1) Enhance GABAergic transmission (Cl -,K+) (2) Diminish glutamate function (Ca2+ , Na+) 2. Stabilize membrane(膜稳定作用)