THE ENVIRONMENT OF SPACE magnetosheath trapping region neutral sheet lobes Image courtesy of NASA Col John Keesee
THE ENVIRONMENT OF SPACE Col. John Keesee 1 Image courtesy of NASA
OUTLINE · Overview of effects olar cycle Gravity · Neutral atmosphere Ionosphere GeoMagnetic Field · Plasma Radiation
OUTLINE • Overview of effects • Solar Cycle • Gravity • Neutral Atmosphere • Ionosphere • GeoMagnetic Field • Plasma • Radiation 2
OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT Outgassing in near vacuum Atmospheric drag Chemical reactions Plasma-induced charging Radiation damage of microcircuits, solar arrays, and sensors single event upsets in digital devices Hyper-velocity impacts
OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT • Outgassing in near vacuum • Atmospheric drag • Chemical reactions • Plasma-induced charging • Radiation damage of microcircuits, solar arrays, and sensors • Single event upsets in digital devices • Hyper-velocity impacts 3
Solar cycle Solar Cycle affects all space environments Solar intensity is highly variable Variability caused by distortions in magnetic field caused by differential rotation Indicators are sunspots and flares
4 • Solar Cycle affects all space environments. • Solar intensity is highly variable • Variability caused by distortions in magnetic field caused by differential rotation • Indicators are sunspots and flares Solar Cycle
LONG TERM SOLAR CYCLE INDICES Sunspot number R 10( solar min)≤R≤150( olar max) olar flux 10.7 Radio emission line of fe (2800 MHz) Related to variation in euv Measures effect of sun on our atmosphere Measured in solar flux units(10-22 w/m2 50(solar min)sF107 s240(solar max
LONG TERM SOLAR CYCLE INDICES 5 • Sunspot number R 10 (solar min) d R d 150 (solar max) • Solar flux F10.7 Radio emission line of Fe (2800 MHz) Related to variation in EUV Measures effect of sun on our atmosphere Measured in solar flux units (10-22 w/m2) 50 (solar min) d F10.7 d 240 (solar max)