Introduction to Optics part I Overview lecture Space Systems Engineering presented by: Prof. David Miller prepared by: Olivier de Weck Revised and augmented by Soon-Jo Chung Chart: 1 February 13, 2001 16.684 Space Systems Product Development MIT Space Systems Laboratory
Introduction to Optics part I Overview Lecture Space Systems Engineering presented by: Prof. David Miller prepared by: Olivier de Weck Revised and augmented by: Soon-Jo Chung Chart: 1 16.684 Space Systems Product Development MIT Space Systems Laboratory February 13, 2001
Or utline Goal: Give necessary optics background to tackle a space mission, which includes an optical payload Light .Interaction of light w/environment o Optical design fundamentals Optical performance considerations .Telescope types and CCd design interferometer types Sparse aperture array Beam combining and control Chart: 2 February 13, 2001 16.684 Space Systems Product Development MIT Space Systems Laboratory
Outline Goal: Give necessary optics background to tackle a space mission, which includes an optical payload •Light •Interaction of Light w/ environment •Optical design fundamentals •Optical performance considerations •Telescope types and CCD design •Interferometer types •Sparse aperture array •Beam combining and Control Chart: 2 16.684 Space Systems Product Development MIT Space Systems Laboratory February 13, 2001
Examples- Motivation Spaceborne Astronomy NGC 6543 HST WFPC2 Planetary nebulae NGc 6543 September 18, 1994 Hubble space telescope Chart: 3 February 13, 2001 16.684 Space Systems Product Development MIT Space Systems Laboratory
Examples - Motivation Spaceborne Astronomy Planetary nebulae NGC 6543 September 18, 1994 Hubble Space Telescope Chart: 3 16.684 Space Systems Product Development MIT Space Systems Laboratory February 13, 2001
Properties of light Wave nature Duality Particle nature VE Energy of Q=hv Solution Photons are E-Ae(kr-ol+o)"packets of energy E Electric field vector H: Magnetic field vector Ponting vector: S=EXH 4兀 Spectral Bands (wavelength 2: Wavelength: n=v 2丌 Ultraviolet(UV)300 A-300 nm Visible light 400 nm-700 nm 2丌 Near IR(NIR)700 nm-2.5 um Wave Number:k Chart: 4 February 13, 2001 16.684 Space Systems Product Development MIT Space Systems Laboratory
Properties of Light Wave Nature Particle Nature 2 2 HP w E Duality E Energy of 2 0 a photon Q=hQ Detector c wt 2 Solution: Photons are ( i kr ZtI ) “packets of energy” E Ae E: Electric field vector H: Magnetic field vector Poynting Vector: S c E u H 4S Spectral Bands (wavelength O): Wavelength: O Q 2S QT Ultraviolet (UV) 300 Å -300 nm Z Visible Light 400 nm - 700 nm 2S Near IR (NIR) 700 nm - 2.5 Pm Wave Number: k O Chart: 4 16.684 Space Systems Product Development MIT Space Systems Laboratory February 13, 2001
Reflection - mirrors Mirrors (reflective devices)and Lenses refractive devices) are both"Aperturesand are similar to each other Law of reflection Mirror geometry given as a conic section rot surface z(p) k+1 k+1)P Reflected wave is also in the plane of incidence Specular Circle: k=0 Ellipse-1<k<0 Reflection Parabola: k=-1 Hyperbola: K<-1 SU mirror Detectors resolve Images produced by (solar)energy reflected from detector a target scene* in visual and nir rather than self-emissions Target Scene Chart: 5 February 13, 2001 16.684 Space Systems Product Development MIT Space Systems Laboratory
Reflection-Mirrors Mirrors (Reflective Devices) and Lenses (Refractive Devices) are both “Apertures” and are similar to each other. Ti To Law of reflection: Ti=To Mirror Geometry given as a conic section rot surface: 1 2 z( ) U r r k 1 U Reflected wave is also k 1 in the plane of incidence Circle: k=0 Ellipse -1<k<0 Specular Reflection Parabola: k=-1 Hyperbola: k<-1 Detectors resolve Images produced by (solar) energy reflected from a target scene* in Visual and NIR. *rather than self-emissions Target Scene sun mirror detector Chart: 5 16.684 Space Systems Product Development MIT Space Systems Laboratory February 13, 2001 2