Prevention and control of water pollution 1)Point sources ◆(I)Legal approaches Set laws or acts,and policies concerning water pollution prevention and control,e.g.The Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of PRC(promulgation since 1984,amended in 1996 )Water Law of PRC (amended in 2002). Set laws on cleaner production and circular economy,e.g.The Cleaner Production Promotion Law of PRC(promulgation since 2004),The Circular Economy Promotion Law of PRC (will be promulgation since 2009),etc. Set water quality standards,stipulate water quality management regulations,establish strictly monitoring systems. Set caps for total pollution levels in various areas,etc. Strengthen the capacity of governance and strictness of law enforcement
Prevention and control of water pollution 1) Point sources (1) Legal approaches Set laws or acts, and policies concerning water pollution prevention and control, e.g. The Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of PRC( promulgation since 1984, amended in 1996 ), Water Law of PRC (amended in 2002). Set laws on cleaner production and circular economy, e.g. The Cleaner Production Promotion Law of PRC( promulgation since 2004), The Circular Economy Promotion Law of PRC (will be promulgation since 2009), etc. Set water quality standards, stipulate water quality management regulations, establish strictly monitoring systems. Set caps for total pollution levels in various areas, etc. Strengthen the capacity of governance and strictness of law enforcement
Prevention and control of water pollution 1)Point sources (2)Market approaches Polluter's pay principle based on market valuation. Tradable discharge quotas,etc. (3)Technological approaches Pollution prevention-cleaner production,design for pollution abatement,etc. Pollution control--- Biological wastewater treatment process- Activated sludge process(Fig.5.2.5) Physical-chemical wastewater treatment processes-Membrane,Adsorption, Coagulation,etc.(Fig.5.2.6) Natural and semi-natural processes- Land application,Oxidation pong,Artificial wetlands,etc.(Fig.5.2.7)
Prevention and control of water pollution 1) Point sources (2) Market approaches Polluter’s pay principle based on market valuation. Tradable discharge quotas, etc. (3) Technological approaches # Pollution prevention —cleaner production, design for pollution abatement, etc. # Pollution control--- Biological wastewater treatment process— Activated sludge process (Fig.5.2.5) Physical-chemical wastewater treatment processes—Membrane, Adsorption, Coagulation, etc. (Fig.5.2.6) Natural and semi-natural processes– Land application, Oxidation pong, Artificial wetlands, etc. (Fig.5.2.7)
(2) Non-point sources (1)Reducing the uses of chemical fertilizers, pesticides,etc. (2)Forestation and vegetation in urban and rural areas. (3)Constructing separate sewer system and reforming combining sewer system into separate system. More other measures
(2) Non-point sources (1) Reducing the uses of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. (2) Forestation and vegetation in urban and rural areas. (3) Constructing separate sewer system and reforming combining sewer system into separate system. More other measures
Water and Health Source Waters Surface,ground,marine, recycled Human Health ingestion,adsorption, aerosols,food prep., fisheries,recreational Drinking Water and occupational Treatment and distribution exposure ↑ Wastewater Ecosy stem Health Collection,treatment water shortage,toxins, and discharge pathogens,food chain effects,toxic blooms, ↓ eutrophication, engineering schemes Receiving water Surface,ground marine
Water pollution
Water pollution