《世贸组织2005年年报》（英文版）

that no work toward negotiations on this issue would take place within the Wto during the pha Round (WT/L/579, paragraph 1(g). Since this decision was taken, no meetings of the Working Group have been held Interaction between trade and competition policy ( Paragraphs 23-25) 23. Recognizing the case for a multilateral framework to enhance the contribution of competition policy to intemational trade and development, and the need for enhanced technical assistance and capacity-building in this area as referred to in paragraph 24, we agree that negotiations will take place after the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference on the basis of a decision to be taken, by explicit consensus, at that Session on modalities of negotiations. 24. We recognize the needs of developing and least-developed countries for enhanced upport for technical assistance and capacity building in this area, including policy analysis and development so that they may better evaluate the implications of doser multilateral cooperation for their development policies and objectives, and human and institutional evelopment. To this end, we shall work in cooperation with other relevant intergovernmental organizations, induding UNCTAD, and through appropriate regional and bilateral channels, to provide strengthened and adequately resourced assistance to respond to these needs. 25. In the period until the Fifth Session, further work in the Working Group on the Interaction between Trade and Competition Policy will focus on the clarification of: core principles, including transparency, non-discrimination and procedural fairness, and provisions on hardcore cartels; modalities for voluntary cooperation; and support for progressive reinforcement of competition institutions in developing countries through capacity building Full account shall be taken of the needs of developing and least-developed country flexib Since the Cancun Ministerial Conference, no meetings of the Working Group on the Interaction between Trade and Competition Policy were held pending a decision by the General Council on the future direction of work in this area. On 1 August 2004, the General Council decided that this issue, referred to in paragraphs 23-25 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration, would no longer form part of the work programme set out in that Declaration and therefore that no work toward negotiations on this issue would take place within the WTO during the Doha Round (WT/L/579, paragraph 1(g). Since this decision was taken, no meetings of the Working Group have been held. Transparency in government procurement(Paragraph 26) 26. Recognizing the case for a multilateral agreement on transparency in government procurement and the need for enhanced technical assistance and capacity building in this ea, we agree that negotiations will take place after the Fifth Session of the Ministerial onference on the basis of a decision to be taken, by explicit consensus, at that Session on modalities of negotiations. These negotiations will build on the progress made in the Working Group on Transparency in Government Procurement by that time and take into account participants' development priorities, especially those of least-developed count participants. Negotiations shall be limited to the transparency aspects and therefore will not restrict the scope for countries to give preferences to domestic supplies and suppliers. We commit ourselves to ensuring adequate technical assistance and support for capacity building both during the negotiations and after their conclusion Since the Cancun Ministerial Conference, no meetings of the Working Group on Transparency in Government Procurement were held pending a decision by the General Council on the future direction of work in this area. On 1 August 2004, the General Council of the wto decided that this issue, referred to in paragraph 26 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration, would no longer form part of the work programme set out in that Declaration nd therefore that no work toward negotiations on this issue would take place within the TO during the Doha Round(WT//579, paragraph 1(g). Since this decision was taken, meetings of the Working Group have been helo Trade facilitation(Paragraph 27) 27. Recognizing the case for further expediting the movement, release and dearance of oods, indluding goods in transit, and the need for enhanced technical assistance and capacity lding in this area, we agree that negotiations will take place after the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference on the basis of a decision to be taken, by explicit consensus, at that Session on modalities of negotiations. In the period until the Fifth Session, the Council for Trade in Goods shall review and as appropriate, clarify and improve relevant aspects of Artides V Vll

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and X of the GATT 1994 and identify the trade facilitation needs and priorities of Members, in particular developing and least-developed countries. We commit ourse/ves to ensuring adequate technical assistance and support for capacity building in this area Following a series of consultations under the auspices of the General Council, Members agreed to launch negotiations on Trade Facilitation in a decision adopted on 1 August 2004 In line with the modalities for the negotiations set out in Annex d of that decision, the Trade Negotiations Committee, at a session of 12 October, established a Negotiating Group on Trade Facilitation and appointed its chair. A first meeting of the Negotiating Group was held soon thereafter( 15 November), leading to the adoption of a Work Plan and schedule of meetings(TN/TF/1). Members also agreed to invite relevant intemational organizations to attend formal sessions of the Group on an ad hoc basis. a second meeting took place on 22 and 23 November. It saw Members ngage in an educational and stocktaking process, with contributions also being made on the agreed agenda of the Group WTO rules(Paragraphs 28 and 29) 28. In the light of experience and of the increasing application of these instruments by Members, we agree to negotiations aimed at darifying and improving disciplines under the Agreements on Implementation of Artide Vl of the GATT 1994 and on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, while preserving the basic concepts, principles and effectiveness of these Agreements and their instruments and objectives, and taking into account the needs of developing and least-developed participants In the initial phase of the negotiations, participants will indicate the provisions, including disciplines on trade distorting practices, that they seek to clarify and improve in the subsequent phase. In the context of these negotiations, participants shall also aim to clarify and improve WTO disciplines on fisheries subsidies taking into account the importance of this sector to developing countries We note 8 29. We also agree to negotiations aimed at clarifying and improving disciplines and procedures under the existing WTO provisions applying to regional trade agreements. The negotiations shall take into account the developmental aspects of regional trade agreements. The Negotiating Group on Rules met with increasing intensity in 2004, holding six neeting clusters on anti-dumping and subsidies countervailing measures induding fisheries subsidies("AD/SCM"), and seven formal and informal meetings on RTAS, during the g ourse of the year. Most meetings on AD/SCM also included intensive work in informal open-a either as unrestricted documents in the tn/rla.. series while, as of the later half of the year, informal proposals were circulated both as JOB and as unrestricted TN/RU/GEN/ documents for the purposes of transparency With respect to anti-dumping and subsidies and countervailing measures, including fisheries subsidies, the work of the Group evolved substantially in 2004. While the Group continued to meet in formal session to consider additional issues identified by participants e focus of the group s activities shifted towards a much more detailed examination and interactive exchange in open-ended informal sessions on issues previously identified, on basis of twenty-eight informal elaborated proposals submitted by Participants during the latter half of the year. Meeting clusters also include extensive opportunities for bilateral and plurilateral contacts among delegations. With respect to RTAS, the Group has further refined most of the elements to improve RTAs transparency, including those related to the notification and review of RTAs. it also held a first round of discussions on a range of systemic issues, in particular the definition of"substantially all the trade"in GATT Article XXIV: RTAs and development; preferential rules of origin; and the scope of"other(restrictive)regulations of commerce. For further discussion of these issues, the Group invited specific submissions from participants. Dispute Settlement Understanding(Paragraph 30 30. We agree to negotiations on improvements and darifications of the Dispute Settlement Understanding. The negotiations should be based on the work done thus far as well as any additional proposals by Members, and aim to agree on improvements and clarifications not later than May 2003, at which time we will take steps to ensure that the results enter into force as soon as possible thereafter to be e negotiations on"improvements and clarifications"to the DSU were in ialy ended concluded by May 2003, but the timeframe for concluding the work had been extended in July 2003 for an additional year, until May 2004 In March 2004, Ambassador David Spencer, of Australia, was appointed as Chairman See Annual Report 2003, p. 26 of the DSB Special Session. Some additional progress was made in the Special Session

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in the first few months of 2004, building on the work done thus far. Some delegation made additional written contributions to the negotiations during this period, which were welcomed by participants. However, work had been slow to resume in the period immediately following the Cancun Ministerial Conference, and by May 2004, there was agreement among Members that more time was required to complete the dispute settlement negotiations and that work should continue towards clarifications and improvements to the DSU. On 1 August, as part of the July Package, the General Council adopted recommendation by the tnc that work in the Special Session should continue on the basis set out in the Chairman's report to the tNc. Two further meetings of the Special Session were held in 2004, on 22 October and 25-26 November. Both of these meetings were essentially devoted to the discussion of an informal joint contribution by Argentina, Brazil, Canada, India, New Zealand and Norway This contribution, which had been presented at the end of May, focused on three issues which had been in discussion in the Special Session: remand, sequencing, and"post- retaliation"issues. Trade and environment(Paragraphs 31-33) 31. With a view to enhancing the mutual supportiveness of trade and environment, we agree to negotiations, without prejudging their outcome, on () the relationship between existing WTO rules and specific trade obligations set out in multilateral environmental agreements(MEAs). The negotiations shall be limited in scope to the applicability of such existing WTO rules as among parties to the MEA in question. The negotiations shall not prejudice the WTO rights of any Member that is not a party to the MEA in question (i)procedures for regular information exchange between MEA Secretariats and the elevant WTO committees, and the criteria for the granting of observer status; (ii)the reduction or, as appropriate, elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers to environmental goods and services. We note that fisheries subsidies form part of the negotiations provided for in aragraph 28 32. We instruct the Committee on Trade and Environment, in pursuing work on all items on its agenda within its current terms of reference, to give particular attention to (i the effect of environmental measures on market access, especially in relation to developing countries, in particular the least-developed among them, and those situations in which the elimination or reduction of trade restrictions and distortions would benefit trade, the environment and development, (i) the relevant provisions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectua Property Rights; and (ii) labelling requirements for environmental purpose Work on these issues should indude the identification of any need to clarify relevant WTO rules. The Committee shall report to the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference and make recommendations, where appropriate, with respect to future action, including the esirability of negotiations. The outcome of this work as well as the negotiations carried out under paragraph 31(0) and (i) shall be compatible with the open and non-discriminatory nature of the multilateral trading system, shall not add to or diminish the rights and and obligations, and will take into account the needs of developing and least-develoy field of trade and environment to developing countries, in particular the least-developed among them. We also encourage that expertise and experience be shared with Members wishing to perform environmental reviews at the national level. A report shall be prepared on these activities for the fifth Session The Committee on Trade and Environment's work programme spans over a broad range of reference can be found in Marrakesh Ministerial Decision on Trade and Environmenor 3 of issues, including goods, services, and intellectual property rights Its origins and the ter The mandate of the cte is twofold: to identify the relationship between trade measures and environmental measures in TN/DS/10 order to promote sustainable development" and See WT/L579, 2 August 2004 to make appropriate recommendations on whether any modifications of the provisions See Report by the Chairman to the TNC, of the multilateral trading system are required, compatible with the open, equitable and non- TN/DS/ The ten items of the CTE work programme are discriminatory nature of the system listed on the wto websit

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Since the Doha Ministerial Session, in November 2001, work has split into two separate tracks:(i)the negotiating track(Paragraph 31 o )conducted in the CTE Special Session (CTESS), and, (i)the regular work of the CTE(Paragraphs 32 and 33 ), conducted under the TER e full list of documents that have been circulated in both the Cte regular and the CTESS since January 1995 (including 2003)is contained in document WT/CTE/NF/S/Rev. 2, available on the wto website Negotiations(CTESS In the 2004, the CTESS continued to pursue the three different components of its mandate: Paragraphs 31(0), 31 (i)and 31 (ii) that are presented above. Under Paragraph 31(0). wo approaches were pursued in parallel. One approach was to discuss potential outcomes for the negotiation, which was led by the European Communities(EC)through document TN/TE/W/39. In this document, the EC suggested that certain"governance principles"be explored to govern the WTo-MEA relationship Another approach was to share national experiences in relation to the negotiation and implementation of trade measures in MEAS In 2004, this approach was led by the United States and Australia who shared their national experiences with respect to certain MEAs in documents TN/TEN/40 and 45. A number of other Members also shared their national experiences orally with the Committee Under Paragraph 31(), while there were no new submissions by Members in 2004, Members continued to explore different avenues for enhancing cooperation and informatic exchange between the WTO and environmental organizations, and examined various criteria for the granting of observer status. Under Paragraph 31(i), discussion on the identification of"environmental goods"continued. China shared its views on how these negot could be taken forward in document tnten42. canada commented on the of environmental goods that could usefully be considered in the negotiations in JOB(04)/98, and Chinese Taipei submitted its preliminary list of environmental goods in context are all available online Regular work(CTE Regular) In pursuance of the mandates from Ministers in Doha, the CTE restructured its work so g instructs the CTE, in pursuing work on all items on its agenda within its current terms of reference, to give particular attention to the following issues the effects of environmental measures on market access, especially in relation developing countries, in particular the LDCs, and those situations where the elimination or reduction of trade restrictions and distortions would benefit trade the environment and the relevant provisions of the agreement on TRIPS; and labelling requirements for environmental purpose During the three meetings held in 2004, each of these items were discussed. The CTE also continued its analysis of the other items of its work programme On Item 4 of the programme with respect to the transparency of trade measures used for environmental purposes, the Secretariat provided a demonstration and explanation on the new CRN facility which would enable the search and retrieval of environment-related notifications Moreover, Members discussed technical assistance and capacity building pursuant e Paragraph 33. In 2004, as part of continued technical assistance in the trade and vironment area, the Secretariat organized, in cooperation with the UNEP, UNCTAD, as well as a number of MEAs, three regional seminars on trade and environment for government officials from developing and least-developed countries. These were held in Jordan, Vietnam and Geneva for Arab and Middle east, asian and Pacific, as well as Sub-Saharan african country Members respectively. The objective of these seminars is to raise awareness on the linkages between trade, environment and sustainable development and to further enhance the dialogue between trade and environment policy-makers in WTO Members and acceding ovemments. Issues of relevance to trade and environment and the rules of the WTo, as well as specific concerns in each region, are addressed. Paragraph 33 also encourages the sharing of expertise and experience on national environmental reviews. A number of Members informed the CTE of their experience in this respect Relevant information was also provided by some observers Regarding sustainable development(Paragraph 51), in 2004, having heard in 2003 a terial Dedaration unless otherwise stated. eries of briefings covering areas of negotiation where environmental aspects were most http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/ e/wksp_goods_octo_e/wksp_goo relevant(Agriculture, Rules, Services and Market Access for Non-Agricultural Products), the CTE sought ways to carry forward its work. In this respect, the Chairperson of the CTe met

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holding a learming event on sustainable development within the framework of the mandate under Paragraph 51. On substantive discussion, New Zealand identified the developmental and environmental aspects of the fishery subsidies negotiations. A number of Members clarified their positions in this respect. Small Economies-Committee on Trade and Development (Dedicated Session) 35. We agree to a work programme, under the auspices of the General Council, to examine issues relating to the trade of small economies. The objective of this work is to erable erses to the trade- related issues identified for the fuller integration of small ulnerable economies into the multilateral trading system, and not to create a sub-category of WTO Members. The General Council shall review the work programme and make recommendations for action to the fifth Session of the ministerial Conference Members continued their Work Programme on Small Economies in 2004 during two formal meetings. Detailed reports of these meetings can be found in documents WT/COMTD/ SE/M/7 and 8. At the uh Dedicated Session two new submissions were discussed The first was a proposal by three landlocked developing countries who raised several specific trade concerns and proposed increased technical assistance for land-locked economies in the area of export diversification and for complying with WTo rules in the area of sanitar and phytosanitary measures. The second proposal was a submission by six island states which focussed on preferences and subsidies and which sought to further refine some of the proposals contained in document WT/COMTD/SEN/3. u At the 8th Dedicated Session, Members discussed how the mandate contained in the July Decision would affect the work being carried out in the Dedicated Session. Many expressed renewed interest in the work in this area and several called for informal consultations to begin soon. Barbados drew attention to paragraph 1(h)of the Decision which it said reaffirmed the importance Members attributed to paragraph 35 concerning small economies. Barbados interpreted paragraph 1(h) as marking a deadline for the General Council to make recommendations to Ministers and that the Sixth Ministerial Conference was now a new"timeline for achieving a substantive, concrete and conclusive outcome to the Work Programme on Small Economies Trade, debt and finance(paragraph 36) 36. We agree to an examination, in a Working Group under the auspices of the General Council, of the relationship between trade, debt and finance, and of any possible recommendations on steps that might be taken within the mandate and competence of the WTO to enhance the capacity of the multilateral trading system to contribute to a durable solution to the problem of external indebtedness of developing and least-developed countries, and to strengthen the coherence of international trade and financial policies with a view to safeguarding the multilateral trading system from the effects of financial and monetary instability. The General Council shall report to the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference on progress in the examination The Working Group met in May to take up the issue of trade finance. Previously, in January, as a follow-up to a meeting sponsored by the IMF in 2003, the Director-General had invited a group of experts to exchange ideas on how the Wto might best be able to contribute to improving the access of developing countries to more plentiful and secure ources of trade financing. Members based their discussion on the report of the meeting of the Expert Group, noting that the interest of members had provided a boost to regional development banks and other institutions to expand their programmes in this area. Members commented on the discussion in the Expert Group which had revolved around two areas of WTO work: the Doha negotiations on services, particularly financial services and work under the coherence mandate, particularly vigilance in keeping markets open in periods of financial crises and avoiding the use of trade measures that might undermine coordinated efforts by the international financial community in exceptional circumstances to maintain ines of credit. Representatives of the IMF and the World Bank gave presentations regarding their work in this area. In July the Chairman reported to the General Council, suggesting that the Committee on Trade in Financial Services might wish to follow-up the issue of trade nandin Continuing to address themes identified for further examination in the Report to the WT/COMTD/SEN/10 Fifth Ministerial, the Working Group took up"Trade and Financial Markets"at its October WT/COMTD/SE/N/11 meeting. The Group heard presentations from the iMF on exchange rate volatility and trade an update to a 1984 study, and from the Secretary-General of the Financial Stability Forum

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