2-3-2 Halides/Interhalogen compounds/Polyhalogen compounds2-3-2-1 HalidesX,可与大多数元素作用，其中F与除Oz、N、稀有气体以外的元素直接作用；下除He、Ne、Ar外的所有元素均可生成卤化物36
36 2-3-2 Halides /Interhalogen compounds /Polyhalogen compounds 2-3-2-1 Halides X2可与大多数元素作用，其中F与除O2、N2、稀 有气体以外的元素直接作用；除He、Ne、Ar外 的所有元素均可生成卤化物
(1)Bondtypeionic bond :with metals in group I A, II A(exceptBe)covalent bond: with nonmetals ,such as PCl,PCls, orwith metal at high oxidation numbers, eg. TiCly andFeCl3·同一周期元素卤化物，由离子键向共价键过渡·同一元素不同氧化态，高氧化态的共价性更显著·同一元素的不同卤化物，按由F到I的顺序共价性增大37
37 （1）Bond type ionic bond :with metals in groupⅠA、ⅡA(except Be) covalent bond: with nonmetals ,such as PCl3、PCl5 , or with metal at high oxidation numbers, eg. TiCl4 and FeCl3 • 同一周期元素卤化物，由离子键向共价键过渡 • 同一元素不同氧化态，高氧化态的共价性更显著 • 同一元素的不同卤化物，按由F到I的顺序共价性增大
(2)Theabnormal solubility of MFAll of the following compounds ,i.e., LiF BeFCaF, SrF, BaF,LnF,are insoluble inwater, while the corresponding otherhalide ,i.e., chloride /bromide /iodide ,aresoluble.On the other hand, heavy metal fluoride, suchas AgF, is soluble, while the heavy metalchloride /bromide /iodide are insoluble.38
38 （2）The abnormal solubility of MFn All of the following compounds ,i.e., LiF BeF2 CaF2 SrF2 BaF2 LnF3 ,are insoluble in water, while the corresponding other halide ,i.e., chloride /bromide /iodide , are soluble. On the other hand, heavy metal fluoride, such as AgF, is soluble, while the heavy metal chloride /bromide /iodide are insoluble
(3)HydrolysisofhalideAICI, + 3H,O →AI(OH) 3 + 3HCIFeCI,+ H,O → Fe(OH) +3HCISn2++ 2CI- +H,0 → Sn (OH)CI +H+配制SnCI,溶液）盐类的水解,当正离子电荷越高，半径越小，越易结合H,O中的OH-，形成氢氧化物或碱性盐。39
39 (3) Hydrolysis of halide AlCl 3 + 3H 2O → Al(OH) 3 + 3HCl FeCl 3 + H 2O → Fe(OH) 3 + 3HCl Sn2+ + 2Cl－ + H 2O → Sn (OH)Cl + H+ （配制SnCl 2溶液） 盐类的水解,当正离子电荷越高，半径越小，越易 结合H2O中的OH－，形成氢氧化物或碱性盐
(4)PreparationsDry method: 2M + nX, → 2MXWet method:M + nHX (ag) → MX, +HMO + nHX (a) → MX, +H,OMCO,+ nHX (aq)-→ MX, + CO, + H,O40
40 （4）Preparations Dry method：2M + nX2 → 2MXn Wet method: M + nHX (aq) → MXn + H2 MO + nHX (aq) → MXn + H2O MCO3 + nHX (aq)→ MXn + CO2 + H2O