供应链系统库存管理风险分担与集中式库存控制RiskPooling&Centralizedinventorycontrol主讲王长琼武汉理工大学物流工程学院
供应链系统库存管理 1 风险分担与集中式库存控制 Risk Pooling & Centralized inventory control 主讲 王长琼 武汉理工大学 物流工程学院
集中式库存与风险分担学习内容和自标（1）与不确定性需求有关的几条原则（2）风险分担的案例（3）集中系统与分散系统的库存比较（4）集中系统与分散系统的权衡
2 集中式库存与风险分担 学习内容和目标 （1）与不确定性需求有关的几条原则 （2）风险分担的案例 （3）集中系统与分散系统的库存比较 （4）集中系统与分散系统的权衡
（1）与不确定性需求有关的几条原则Aggregated(汇聚的)forecastis moreaccurateDemandvariabilityisreduced if one aggregatesdemand across locations.- High demand from one customer may be offset bylow demand from another.Reduction invariabilityallowsa decreaseinsafetystock and thereforereduces average inventory/Standarddeviation,oSS=ZαXOL/Coefficientofvariation,cv=o/u3
（1）与不确定性需求有关的几条原则 • Aggregated(汇聚的) forecast is more accurate • Demand variability is reduced if one aggregates demand across locations. - High demand from one customer may be offset by low demand from another. • Reduction in variability allows a decrease in safety stock and therefore reduces average inventory. 3 Z L ss Standard deviation, Coefficient of variation, cv = /
(2) ACME: Risk Pooling CaseElectronic equipment manufacturer anddistributor2warehouses fordistributioninMassachusettsand New Jersey (partitioning the northeastmarket into two regions) Each retailer (Customer) is assigned to a singlemarket (warehouse)Warehouses receive materials from ChicagoCurrentrule:97%servicelevel(3%probabilityofstock-out)
(2) ACME: Risk Pooling Case • Electronic equipment manufacturer and distributor • 2 warehouses for distribution in Massachusetts and New Jersey (partitioning the northeast market into two regions) • Each retailer (Customer) is assigned to a single market (warehouse) • Warehouses receive materials from Chicago • Current rule: 97 % service level (3 % probability of stock-out) 4
Current distributionsystems:WarehouseOneMarket OneMassachusettsSupplier.ChicagoWarehouseTwoMarket TwoNew JerseyProblems:-over7years ago-1,500products-10000customersinNortheastConsidering an alternative logistics strategy
Market Two Current distribution systems: Supplier Warehouse One Warehouse Two Market One •Chicago Massachusetts New Jersey Problems: - over 7 years ago -1,500 products -10,000 customers in Northeast. Considering an alternative logistics strategy