welfare givers and the clients. There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, (Para.15) Notice the word“there”is followed by the verb“needs”.Some other verbs can also be used in this wav.For example There sems tobe some problems Could you bequ?There happens to be goingon. There tends to be jealousy when a new little brother or sister comes along. In a small town in Germany there once lived a poor shoemaker. There remains nothing more to be done Suddenly there entered astrange figure dressed all in black With some verbs (e.g.say,think,feel,report,understand,presume),the passive structure is possible with“there'” There are thought to be more than 3,000 different languages in the world. There wassaid between the Prime Minister and the Home Secretary soeasily lends itself to abuse(Para.15) lend oneself to:be easily used for a particular activity or result Her voice doesn't really lend itself well to blues singing 她的嗓音不太适合唱蓝调歌曲。 roblems do not lend themselves to financial solutions 有不合的用来 sit on:be an official member of a group of people that represent or control an organization She sat on the company's board for five years.她在公司的董事会当了5年董事。 How many peop e sit on commission?这个委员会有多少委员？ .one step at a time?(Para.16) one/a step at a time:going slowly Let's take things a/one step at a time.让我们一步一步地做这些事 One sta l finally go through the whole thing 慢慢来，你会做完整件事的 Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them,not seek to convict them of cheating.(Para.17) Meaning:One day in the future.disabled people like me living on welfare will do well and get if theod system is transformed int newone that encourages instead seeking to prove them to be cheating not seek to convict them of cheating.(Para.17) convict sb.of 6
16 welfare givers and the clients. There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, . (Para.15) Notice the word “there” is followed by the verb “needs”. Some other verbs can also be used in this way. For example: There seems to be some problems. Could you be quiet? There happens to be a lecture going on. There tends to be jealousy when a new little brother or sister comes along. In a small town in Germany there once lived a poor shoemaker. There remains nothing more to be done. Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black. There followed an uncomfortable silence. With some verbs (e.g. say, think, feel, report, understand, presume), the passive structure is possible with “there”. There are thought to be more than 3, 000 different languages in the world. There was said to be disagreement between the Prime Minister and the Home Secretary. . so easily lends itself to abuse . (Para.15) lend oneself to: be easily used for a particular activity or result Her voice doesn't really lend itself well to blues singing. 她的嗓音不太适合唱蓝调歌曲。 Some problems do not lend themselves to financial solutions. 有些问题不适合用钱来解决。 sit on: be an official member of a group of people that represent or control an organization She sat on the company's board for five years. 她在公司的董事会当了 5 年董事。 He sits on a number of committees. 他是好几个委员会的委员。 How many people sit on the commission? 这个委员会有多少委员？ . one step at a time? (Para.16) one / a step at a time: going slowly Let's take things a / one step at a time. 让我们一步一步地做这些事。 One step at a time, you'll finally go through the whole thing. 慢慢来，你会做完整件事的。 Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating. (Para.17) Meaning: One day in the future, disabled people like me living on welfare will do well and get successful if the old system is transformed into a new one that encourages its clients instead of seeking to prove them to be cheating. . not seek to convict them of cheating. (Para.17) convict sb. of
He was convicted of fraud/robbery/then.他被判犯有诈骗罪/抢劫罪/盗窃 n.a person who has been found guilty ofacrime and sent toprison an escaped convict 一名逃犯 Compare accuse,charge If you accuse somebody of doing something wrong you say that they did it For example. somebody can be accused of being dishonest.or of having a fault like az iness If somebody has done the aw,they can fa crime and put on trial inacour of When the police charge somebody or charge himor her with committing a crime,they formally accuse them of it.The police charge a person with a crime when they have evidence that the person was responsible for it.You can also charge somebody with things like not doing their duty or lying.You do not use charge"when referring to minor faults. ementioned many different ways of using figurative language. a)Similes(明喻，直偷).These are figurative expressions that directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like. b)Metaphors ()in which comparisons are only implied,without using as,like and the like. ssions which pare non-human things to humans ourse,ther eare many more figures of speech than has een mentioned Here are some tips for you to recognize figurative ways of saying things: 1.Make sure that you are aware that the writer is making a comparison. 2.Keep clearly in your mind just what is being com red to what Don't lose the basic point by comparison and forgetting what the writer is explaining in the firs place 3.Look for such words as like and as.which often introduce comparison 4.Try to figure out why the writer has made the comparison. Now here are some examples from Reading Passage Ato help you understand figurative language Example Oh,I'm tempted to get paid under the table.(Para.2.Reading Passage A.Unit 3) Explanation:under the table-without others knowing that I'm being paid. Example 2 But even if Iyielded to that temptation big not going toget invoved situation.(Para.2.Reading Passage A.Unit 3) Explanation:sticky situation-situation that one can not get rid of or get out of Example 3 But after a a few years in a system that practically requires,they become like the e shall call"Suzanne"adetective in shorts.(Para.3,Reading Passage A.Unit 3) Explanation:a detective in shorts-the caseworker is being compared to a detective who wears shorts like a sportsman,chased the clients and tried to find out faults with the clients. 17
17 He was convicted of fraud / robbery / theft. 他被判犯有诈骗罪/抢劫罪/盗窃 n. a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison an escaped convict 一名逃犯 Compare: accuse, charge If you accuse somebody of doing something wrong, you say that they did it. For example, somebody can be accused of being dishonest, or of having a fault like laziness. If somebody has done something against the law, they can be accused of a crime and put on trial in a court of law. When the police charge somebody or charge him or her with committing a crime, they formally accuse them of it. The police charge a person with a crime when they have evidence that the person was responsible for it. You can also charge somebody with things like not doing their duty or lying. You do not use charge" when referring to minor faults. Understanding Figurative Language In Unit 5, Book 2, we mentioned many different ways of using figurative language. a) Similes (明喻, 直喻). These are figurative expressions that directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like. b) Metaphors (暗喻), in which comparisons are only implied, without using as, like and the like. c) Personification (拟人), figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans. Of course, there are many more figures of speech than has been mentioned. Here are some tips for you to recognize figurative ways of saying things: 1. Make sure that you are aware that the writer is making a comparison. 2. Keep clearly in your mind just what is being compared to what. Don't lose the basic point by getting confused about the comparison and forgetting what the writer is explaining in the first place. 3. Look for such words as like and as, which often introduce comparison. 4. Try to figure out why the writer has made the comparison. Now here are some examples from Reading Passage A to help you understand figurative language. Example 1 Oh, I'm tempted to get paid under the table. (Para. 2, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: under the table — without others knowing that I'm being paid. Example 2 But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. (Para. 2, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: sticky situation — situation that one can not get rid of or get out of Example 3 But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call “Suzanne”, a detective in shorts. (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) Explanation: a detective in shorts — the caseworker is being compared to a detective who wears shorts like a sportsman, chased the clients and tried to find out faults with the clients