n the earth. It is well-known that people used to think that the earth was the c entre of the universe with the sun moving around it. The fa for the changes of days and nights 高[分 秘[笈 阅读理解解题技巧 指代关系(2) 根据语义衔接判断指代内容 代词除了替代前面或后面的人、物或事之外,在语义上起着衔接作用。因此,代词的使 用,既避免了表达上的重复,又使上下文衔接得更加紧密。 高考阅读理解题中,常要求考生根据语境判断代词(this,that,it,they,them,one 等),或代动词(do,does,did, do that等)究竟指代什么。题干中通常含有 refer to 一般说来,代词的指代内容大多在这一句的前、后句中,但也可能在前几个句子中,甚 至指代前一段话中的某个内容。找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上,看一看这句 话是否合理,前后的语义是否连贯,然后再判断它是否为正确答案。 【例①】 Twain' s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(af) about how much he loved what were called "nigger shows" in his youth mostly with white men performing in black-face-and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and pre judice suggest his keen awareness that they did not What does the underlined word“they” refer to? A. The attacks B. Slavery and pre judice C. White men D. The shows 解析:替代内容在上句。结合前句理解,可知they替代 the shows,代λthey,句意: 他对奴隶制和偏见的不断攻击表明深知这些表演并不代表现实
6 I_wonder_if_you_mind_me_asking_you_a_question_why_we_have_days_and_nights_o n_the_earth.It_is_wellknown_that_people_used_to_think_that_the_earth_was_the_c entre_of_the_universe_with_the_sun_moving_around_it.The_fact_is_that_the_earth_ is_spinning_around_the_earth_axis_as_it_goes_around_the_sun，which_accounts _for_the_changes_of_days_and_nights. 阅读理解解题技巧 指代关系（2） 根据语义衔接判断指代内容 代词除了替代前面或后面的人、物或事之外，在语义上起着衔接作用。因此，代词的使 用，既避免了表达上的重复，又使上下文衔接得更加紧密。 高考阅读理解题中，常要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one 等)，或代动词(do，does，did，do that 等)究竟指代什么。题干中通常含有 refer to。 一般说来，代词的指代内容大多在这一句的前、后句中，但也可能在前几个句子中，甚 至指代前一段话中的某个内容。找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句 话是否合理，前后的语义是否连贯，然后再判断它是否为正确答案。 【例❶】 Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example， by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth － mostly with white men performing in blackface—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not. What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．The attacks. B．Slavery and prejudice. C．White men. D．The shows. 解析：替代内容在上句。结合前句理解，可知 they 替代 the shows，代入 they，句意： 他对奴隶制和偏见的不断攻击表明深知这些表演并不代表现实
答案:D 【例②】Two12-year- old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search a football. Once they d rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of contro What does“it” refer to? A. The beach B. The water e boat D. The wind 解析:替代内容在上文。句中it应是替代第二句中的 the wind,句意:他们划到了静 水之外,绑在船上的沙滩伞遇到了风,把他们的船牵引到开阔的水面。他们惊慌失措,想划 回岸边。但是他们敌不过风,船失去控制 答案:D 巧学活用 阅读下列短文的节选,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。 1. Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEo, Carl Pearson decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign What does the underlined word“them” refer to? A. Customers of Sparrow restaurants B. Sparrow restaurant C. Customers of other fast-food chains D. Other fast- food chains 解析:代词指代题。由表示对比的 while可知,麻雀餐馆的顾客对连锁店持非常肯定的 态度,而别的快餐连锁店的顾客也不愿意离开“它们”。这个“它们”应是指“别的快餐连 锁店 答案:D
7 答案：D 【例❷】 Two 12yearold boys，Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search a football.Once they'd rowed beyond the calm waters，a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water.The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore.But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control. What does “it” refer to? A．The beach. B．The water. C．The boat. D．The wind. 解析：替代内容在上文。句中 it 应是替代第二句中的 the wind，句意：他们划到了静 水之外，绑在船上的沙滩伞遇到了风，把他们的船牵引到开阔的水面。他们惊慌失措，想划 回岸边。但是他们敌不过风，船失去控制。 答案：D 阅读下列短文的节选，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项。 1．Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fastfood chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign. What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．Customers of Sparrow restaurants. B．Sparrow restaurants. C．Customers of other fastfood chains. D．Other fastfood chains. 解析：代词指代题。由表示对比的 while 可知，麻雀餐馆的顾客对连锁店持非常肯定的 态度，而别的快餐连锁店的顾客也不愿意离开“它们”。这个“它们”应是指“别的快餐连 锁店”。 答案：D