1)General partitivesWith noncount nouns the expression of quantity can be achieved bymeans of certain general partitives,particularlypiece,bit,article, and item,followed by an of-phrase, e.g.:apiece ofadvicea bit of troublean item of newsallarticleof furnitureseveral pieces of breadthree items of news2) Partitives related to the shape of thingsThere are partitives that are semantically related to the shape of things andwhose power ofcollocation is, therefore, quite limited, e.g.:a cake of soapabar of chocolatetwoearsof cornten headof cattle/cabbage3)Partitivesrelated tovolumeA third class of partitives are those that are semantically related to volume,and all of which are common nouns. They can freely collocate with relatednoncountnouns,e.g.:abottle of ink/oiltwo bowls of riceseveral pails ofwateraglass of beer4)Partitives related to the state of actionThe use of these partitives is limited to certain set phrases, e.g.:afitofanger/coughing/laughter/feverapealofapplause/laughter/thunder21
21 1) General partitives With noncount nouns the expression of quantity can be achieved by means of certain general partitives，particularly piece，bit，article, and item, followed by an of-phrase，e.g.： a piece of advice a bit of trouble an item of news all article of furniture several pieces of bread three items of news 2) Partitives related to the shape of things There are partitives that are semantically related to the shape of things and whose power of collocation is，therefore，quite limited，e.g.： a cake of soap a bar of chocolate two ears of corn ten head of cattle／cabbage 3) Partitives related to volume A third class of partitives are those that are semantically related to volume, and all of which are common nouns. They can freely collocate with related noncount nouns，e.g.： a bottle of ink／oil two bowls of rice several pails of water a glass of beer 4) Partitives related to the state of action The use of these partitives is limited to certain set phrases，e.g.： a fit of anger／coughing／laughter／fever a peal of applause／laughter／thunder
aflashof hope/light/lightningadisplayofcourage/force/power/skill/fireworks5)Partitivesdenotingpail.s,groups,flocks,etcThese partitives commonly occur withplural count nouns,e.g.:apairofshoes/scissors/trousersaflockofbirds/chickens/sheep/goatsa herdofelephants /cattleaswarmofbees/flies/animals/peopleatroupeofactorsa gang of hooligans /criminalsapackofhounds/cands/thievesa bench of judgesStageIV:Practice (30mins)1.Ask the students to read the textbook again and write down their ownsummaries of the theories concerned with nouns and noun phrases.2.Ask the studentsto finish the EXERCISE4A andEXERCISE4B ingroups in the class.3.Ask the students to finishthe EXERCISE 4C,EXERCISE4D andEXERCISE4EbythemselvesafterclassStage V: Consolidation (30mins)1.The teacher asks some students to give the answers of the EXERCISE 4AandEXERCISE4B2.Theteacher explains some difficult ones in EXERCISE 4A andEXERCISE4Bindetails andmake sure thestudentsmasterthemcorrectly.StageVI: Assignments (lmins)1.FinishEXERCISE4C,EXERCISE4DandEXERCISE4Eafterclass andtheteacherwill check and explainthem in the next class.2.Give a brief summary about all the knowledge about the nouns and noun22
22 a flash of hope／light／lightning a display of courage／force／power／skill／fireworks 5) Partitives denoting pail．s，groups，flocks，etc These partitives commonly occur with plural count nouns，e.g.： a pair of shoes／scissors／trousers a flock of birds／chickens／sheep／goats a herd of elephants／cattle a swarm of bees／flies／animals／people a troupe of actors a gang of hooligans／criminals a pack of hounds／cards／thieves a bench of judges StageⅣ: Practice (30mins) 1.Ask the students to read the textbook again and write down their own summaries of the theories concerned with nouns and noun phrases. 2.Ask the students to finish the EXERCISE 4A and EXERCISE 4B in groups in the class. 3.Ask the students to finish the EXERCISE 4C, EXERCISE4D and EXERCISE4E by themselves after class. StageⅤ: Consolidation (30mins) 1.The teacher asks some students to give the answers of the EXERCISE 4A and EXERCISE 4B. 2.The teacher explains some difficult ones in EXERCISE 4A and EXERCISE 4B in details and make sure the students master them correctly. StageⅥ: Assignments (1mins) 1.Finish EXERCISE 4C, EXERCISE4D and EXERCISE4E after class and the teacher will check and explain them in the next class. 2.Give a brief summary about all the knowledge about the nouns and noun
phrases.3.ReviewEXERCISE4AandEXERCISE4Bagain4.Previewthenext lecture:Lecture5:GenitiveNounLecture5Genitive NounsTeaching Time:2hoursTeaching Aims:1.Letthe students masterFormation,meanings and uses ofgenitivenouns2.Make the students master independent genitive and double genitiveKey Points:1.Formation of genitive nouns2.Meanings of genitive nouns3. Uses of genitive nouns4.Independent genitive5.Double genitiveDifficultPoints:1.Formationofgenitivenouns2. Meanings of genitive nouns3. Uses of genitive nounsTeaching Procedures:Stage I : Greetings (Imin)Stage II :Revision (8mins)1.TheteacherchecksEXERCISE4C、EXERCISE4DandEXERCISE4E2.The teacher gives an explanation of some difficult ones.Stagell:Presentation (40mins)CASE is a grammatical category.It denotes the changes in the form of a23
23 phrases. 3.Review EXERCISE 4Aand EXERCISE 4B again. 4.Preview the next lecture: Lecture 5: Genitive Noun. Lecture 5 Genitive Nouns Teaching Time: 2hours Teaching Aims: 1. Let the students master Formation, meanings and uses of genitive nouns. 2. Make the students master independent genitive and double genitive Key Points: 1.Formation of genitive nouns 2. Meanings of genitive nouns 3. Uses of genitive nouns 4. Independent genitive 5. Double genitive Difficult Points: 1.Formation of genitive nouns 2. Meanings of genitive nouns 3. Uses of genitive nouns Teaching Procedures: StageⅠ: Greetings (1min) StageⅡ:Revision (8mins) 1.The teacher checks EXERCISE 4C、EXERCISE 4D and EXERCISE 4E. 2. The teacher gives an explanation of some difficult ones. StageⅢ: Presentation (40mins) CASE is a grammatical category. It denotes the changes in the form of a
noun or a pronoun showing its relationship with other words in a sentence. Asmodern English is basically an analytic language, English nouns have not acomplicated case system likethat of Latin, German, or modern Russian.Thedifferent grammatical functions of English nouns in a sentence are mostlydetermined by the word order, not by any case form It is in this sense that thegenitive case may be viewed as a relic of the old case system. The genitive wastraditionally labelled as the"possessive case"~however, in view of the fact that"possession" is just one of the meanings expressed by the genitive, we prefer tousethepresent nameratherthanthetraditionalterm.1.Formation, meaningsanduses ofgenitive nouns1)Formation of genitive nounsRulesofformationareasfollowsa)Thegenitiveisfomed inwritingbyadding'sto singularnouns andtothoseplural nouns that do not end in -s, e.g.:my mother's arrivalWomen's clothesb)Plural nouns ending in -s take an apostrophe as genitive marker,egthe girls'dormitorya teachers'collegec) In compound nouns or a postmodified noun phrase, the genitive ending isadded to the end of the compound or to theend of the noun phrase, eg:my mother-in-law'sdeathanhourandahalf'stalksomebodyelse'sopinionthe University of Minnesota's presidentd)Incoordinate nouns, thegenitive ending is added to each ofthecoordinateelements when denoting respective possession, and only to the lastcoordinate element when denoting common possession.Compare:Mary's and Bob's books24
24 noun or a pronoun showing its relationship with other words in a sentence. As modern English is basically an analytic language, English nouns have not a complicated case system like that of Latin, German, or modern Russian. The different grammatical functions of English nouns in a sentence are mostly determined by the word order, not by any case form. It is in this sense that the genitive case may be viewed as a relic of the old case system. The genitive was traditionally labelled as the "possessive case"~ however, in view of the fact that "possession" is just one of the meanings expressed by the genitive, we prefer to use the present name rather than the traditional term. 1. Formation, meanings and uses of genitive nouns 1) Formation of genitive nouns Rules of formation are as follows: a) The genitive is formed in writing by adding's to singular nouns and to those plural nouns that do not end in -s, e.g.: my mother's arrival Women’ s clothes b) Plural nouns ending in -s take an apostrophe as genitive marker, eg: the girls' dormitory a teachers’ college c) In compound nouns or a postmodified noun phrase, the genitive ending is added to the end of the compound or to the end of the noun phrase, eg: my mother-in-law’s death an hour and a half's talk somebody else's opinion the University of Minnesota's president d) In coordinate nouns, the genitive ending is added to each of the coordinate elements when denoting respective possession, and only to the last coordinate element when denoting common possession. Compare: Mary's and Bob's books
Mary and Bob's bookse) In the construction of"noun phrase + appositive",the genitive ending isadded tothe end of theappositive, orboth to the end of the noun phrase andto the appositive, eg.Basel the bookseller'sBasel's, the bookseller'sf) In personal names ending in sibilant / zl, the genitive ending can either be'sor an apostropheonly,but it can only be's when personal names end in othersibilant sounds, eg.Dickens'/Dickens'snovelsJones'/Jones's poemsMarx's doctrineRoss's discoveries2)Meanings ofgenitivenounsThe genitive is chiefly used to denote "possession",and therefore, istraditionally called possessive case". But genitive meanings are by no meansrestricted to possession.They can be summed up as follows:a)Possessivegenitive,eg:Mr Brown's suitcase has been taken upstairsTaiwan ispart of China's territory.b) Subjective genitive, egThePrime Minster's arrivalwas reported inthemorningpaperEverybody was pleased at David's quick recoveryfrom illness.c) Objective genitive, eg.The enemy's defeatbroughtthewarto an endThe criminal's punishment will be ten years in prison.d) Genitive oforigin, eg.I haven't received my sister's letter yetNewton'slawwasdevelopedinthe17thcentury25
25 Mary and Bob's books e) In the construction of "noun phrase + appositive", the genitive ending is added to the end of the appositive, or both to the end of the noun phrase and to the appositive, eg: Basel the bookseller's Basel's, the bookseller's f) In personal names ending in sibilant / z/, the genitive ending can either be's or an apostrophe only, but it can only be's when personal names end in other sibilant sounds, eg: Dickens’ /Dickens’s novels Jones' / Jones's poems Marx's doctrine Ross's discoveries 2) Meanings of genitive nouns The genitive is chiefly used to denote "possession", and therefore, is traditionally called possessive case". But genitive meanings are by no means restricted to possession. They can be summed up as follows: a) Possessive genitive, eg: Mr. Brown's suitcase has been taken upstairs. Taiwan is part of China's territory. b) Subjective genitive, eg: The Prime Minster's arrival was reported in the morning paper. Everybody was pleased at David's quick recovery from illness. c) Objective genitive, eg. The enemy's defeat brought the war to an end. The criminal's punishment will be ten years in prison. d) Genitive of origin, eg. I haven't received my sister's letter yet. Newton's law was developed in the 17th century