细菌细胞壁以外的构造 性毛pi单数 pilus 构造和成分与菌毛相同,但比菌毛长,数量仅一至少数几根。 Fimbriae covered FIGURE 3.49 The presence of pili on an Escherichia coli cell is revealed by the use of viruses that specifically adhere to the pilus. The cell is about 0. 8 um in diameter 性毛一般见于革兰氏阴性细菌的“雄性”菌株(即供体菌)中,其功能是沟通、 收缩使细胞靠近,实现F因子转移。有的性毛还是RNA噬菌体的特异性吸附受体。 between a donor(upper cell) and two recipients lower cells). Note the fimbriae on the donor cell and compare their size with the pili
细菌细胞壁以外的构造 ———性毛(pili,单数pilus) 构造和成分与菌毛相同,但比菌毛长,数量仅一至少数几根。 性毛一般见于革兰氏阴性细菌的“雄性”菌株(即供体菌)中,其功能是沟通、 收缩使细胞靠近,实现F因子转移。有的性毛还是RNA噬菌体的特异性吸附受体。 12
1s3 Tn1000 0/0 2.大肠杆菌的 接合机制 1s2 75 接合作用是由一种被称为F因子的质粒 介导; F因子的分子量通常为5×10,上面有o 编码细菌产生性菌毛( sex pili)及控 制接合过程进行的20多个基因 inc, rep, oris, phi Tn,IS是转座因子 Fi igure 9.19 Genetic map of the F( fertility) plasmid of 也是整合发生位点 Escherichia coli. The numbers on the interior show the size of the plasmid in kilobase pairs. The locations of key F genes are shown: tra, transfer functions; oriT, origin of transfer oriS, origin of replication; inc, incompatability group: re 是多位点整合, replication functions. The regions shown in yellow on Fare transposable elements where integration into identical ele 方向不定 ments on the bacterial chromosome can occur and lead to the formation of different Hfr strains(see Section 9.9) 13
2. 大肠杆菌的 接合机制 接合作用是由一种被称为 F因子的质粒 介导; F因子的分子量通常为 5 ×10 7,上面有 编码细菌产生性菌毛 (sex pili )及控 制接合过程进行的20多个基因 13 Tn ,IS是转座因子, 也是整合发生位点 是多位点整合, 方向不定
replication and gene transfer during conjugation F因子为附加体质粒, F factor 既可以脱离染色体在细胞内独立存在, 也可插入(整合) 到染色体上 ca Figure 14.7 FPlasmid Integration. The reversible integration of an F plasmid or factor into a host bacterial chromosome. The process begins with association between plasmid and bacterial insertion sequences. The O arrowhead (blue-green)indicates the site at which the oriented transfer of chromosome to the recipient cell begins. A, B, l, and 2 represent genetic markers. Integrated F factor
F因子为附加体质粒, 既可以脱离染色体在细胞内独立存在, 也可插入(整合) 到染色体上 14
F因子的四种细胞形式 a)F:(“雌性”菌株,无性菌毛 b)F+;(F因子独立存在,有性菌毛); 性c)Hfr;F因子插入到染色体DNA上,有性菌毛 菌d)F;F因子因不正常切割而脱离染色体时, 株 形成游离的但携带一小段染色体基因的F因子
F因子的四种细胞形式 a)F-: b)F+ ;( F因子独立存在,有性菌毛); c)Hfr;F因子插入到染色体DNA上,有性菌毛。 d)F′;F因子因不正常切割而脱离染色体时, 形成游离的但携带一小段染色体基因的F因子。 细胞表面同样有性菌毛。 (“雌性”菌株,无性菌毛) “ 雄 性 ” 菌 株 15
1)F+×F杂交 F+菌株的F因子向F细胞转移,但含F因子的宿主细胞的染色体DNA一般不被转移。 杂交的结果:给体细胞和受体细胞均成为F细胞 Fusion forming conjugation boge Fplasmd n cked in one strand raster of one strand from F cel to Unwind ng prot cell. F plasmid simultaneously replicated in F"cell membrane profens Cell wals Specific outer membrane Synthesis af compiementary strand begins in reorient cell Transferred strand DNA DO! Completion of DNA trans and synthesis. Ceils separate 理化因子可消除F因子 Figure 9 23 Transfer of plasmid DNA by conjugation. (a)In this example, the Fplasmid of an F cell is being transferred to an F" recipient cell. Note the mechanism of rolling circle plication(co Figure 8. 28).()Details of the replication and transfer process
1) F +×F -杂交 F+菌株的F因子向F-细胞转移,但含F因子的宿主细胞的染色体DNA一般不被转移。 16 理化因子可消除F因子 杂交的结果:给体细胞和受体细胞均成为F+细胞