3. History of the Production of Petroleum in the US Edwin Laurentine drake Colonel" Drake started the whole thing off in 1859 at Titusville, Pennsylvania The main problem at that time was to find suitable containers for the oil (stone oil, A sb)because the barrels cost more than the oil was worth Refining of the oil produced kerosene煤油 which had a ready market for heating March 29. 1819 Born cooking, and lighting Greenville. New York Died November 9, 1880(aged 61) In 1862. 3 million barrels of oil were Bethlehem, Pennsylvania produced from more than 75 wells in Nationality American Pennsylvania Other names Colonel drake By 1909 the US was producing 500,000 Known for Petroleum exploration barrels per day, more than was being produced by all other countries combined
3. History of the Production of Petroleum in the US Edwin Laurentine Drake Born March 29, 1819 Greenville, New York Died November 9, 1880 (aged 61) Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Nationality American Other names Colonel Drake Known for Petroleum exploration • “Colonel” Drake started the whole thing off in 1859 at Titusville, Pennsylvania. • The main problem at that time was to find suitable containers for the oil (stone oil, 石 油) because the barrels cost more than the oil was worth. • Refining of the oil produced kerosene 煤油 which had a ready market for heating, cooking, and lighting. • In 1862, 3 million barrels of oil were produced from more than 75 wells in Pennsylvania. • By 1909 the US was producing 500,000 barrels per day, more than was being produced by all other countries combined
Annual production climbed fairly steadily for 110 years until 1970. This was the year that the Prudhoe Bay field was brought on-line through the Alaskan pipel proved reserves Since 1948 the Us has imported more oil each year 105×109bb than it has exported Drilling for oil in the US has been reduced in the last 25 08501801900 1960 1980 200 2020 2080 years because the chances of producing a paying well Figure 2.2 Annual rate of petroleum production in the have become less US, including Alaska. The rectangle at the right has an area representing the 134 billion barrels estimated to remaining for future production Prudhoe Bay oil field is the largest oil field in North America, originally containing approximately 25 billion barrels of oil
Figure 2.2 Annual rate of petroleum production in the US, including Alaska. The rectangle at the right has an area representing the 134 billion barrels estimated to be remaining for future production. Annual production climbed fairly steadily for 110 years until 1970. This was the year that the Prudhoe Bay field was brought on-line through the Alaskan pipeline. Since 1948 the US has imported more oil each year than it has exported. Drilling for oil in the US has been reduced in the last 25 years because the chances of producing a paying well have become less. Prudhoe Bay oil field is the largest oil field in North America, originally containing approximately 25 billion barrels of oil. Q∞
4 Petroleum resources of the us Qo: the total resource that is available over all time from the beginning of the oil industry to the exhaustion of the resource Economically Recoverable Discovered Produced /ll years Time Figure 2.3 History of cumulative discovery and production of finite resource consumed to depletion. For oil in the us, production has generally followed discovery by about 1 years
4. Petroleum Resources of the US Q∞ : the total resource that is available over all time from the beginning of the oil industry to the exhaustion of the resource. Figure 2.3 History of cumulative discovery and production of finite resource consumed to depletion. For oil in the US, production has generally followed discovery by about 11years. Economically Recoverable
Estimating the total petroleum resource has been an ongoing endeavor of the oil companies as well as of government agencies such as the US Geological Survey(USGs) Table 2.1 estimates of undiscovered recoverable oil and natural gas in the us Natural Gas (Billion Barrels) (Trillion Cubic Feet) Oil Companies Company A(Weeks, 1960) l68 Company B(Hubbert, 1967)a 2164 280-500 Company C(1973)b Company D(1974) 89 450 U.S. Geological Survey Hendricks(1965) 346 1300 Theobald et al. (1972) 1980 McKelvey (1974) 200400 990-2000 Hubbert(1974) UsGS(1975) 61-149 322-655 UsGs(1989) 399 USGS(1995) 93 939 National Academy of Sciences National Research Council (1975) 113 U.SEnergy Information Admin.(105
Estimating the total petroleum resource has been an ongoing endeavor of the oil companies as well as of government agencies such as the US Geological Survey (USGS). Table 2.1 Estimates of Undiscovered Recoverable Oil and Natural Gas in the US. Oil (Billion Barrels) Natural Gas (Trillion Cubic Feet)
As of the end of 2002, a total of 190x109 barrels of crude oil had been produced in the US. When the future resource of 134(105+ 29)x109 barrels is included, a value of 324 x109 barrels is obtained for Q The US is now consuming about 6.7x109 barrels per year of petroleum, so at that rate the oil resource would be completely exhausted in 20 years. ?? After a well stops producing by normal exaction processes, about 70% of the petroleum is left behind the ground Secondary recovery involves pumping either water or gas into the surrounding area to force more oil toward the well (another 15%) Tertiary techniques are used to overcome the two effects that lock the oil in interfacial tension and viscosity Viscosity: CO2 or steam injection Surface tension: detergents injection Enhanced recovery is expensive and can have unfortunate environmental consequences
As of the end of 2002, a total of 190x109 barrels of crude oil had been produced in the US. When the future resource of 134 (105+29) x109 barrels is included, a value of 324 x109 barrels is obtained for Q∞ . The US is now consuming about 6.7x109 barrels per year of petroleum, so at that rate the oil resource would be completely exhausted in 20 years. ??? • After a well stops producing by normal exaction processes, about 70% of the petroleum is left behind the ground. • Secondary recovery involves pumping either water or gas into the surrounding area to force more oil toward the well (another 15%). • Tertiary techniques are used to overcome the two effects that lock the oil in: interfacial tension and viscosity. Viscosity: CO2 or steam injection Surface tension: detergents injection • Enhanced recovery is expensive and can have unfortunate environmental consequences