2025年7月9日8时32分
IndividualsTemperatureRelationsVegetationShading of soil surfacebylowshrubs lowersmaximumtemperatures.Alayer of leaf litterGreater leaf area andlowersmaximumnumerous twigs of tallSoil surface in fullshrubsinterceptmoretemperaturesevenmore.sun heats.to highlighr,creating thetcmperaturescoolest temperatures.23°cinsoll21Cintitter27Cin soil48Cinbare soil29°Cin litterunder tall shrub.under tall shrub.under low shrub.away from shrubs.under low shrub.FIGURE4.3Desert shrubsand microclimate(datafrom ParmenterParameterand Cheney1989)2025年7月9日8时32分
2025年7月9日8时32分 Individuals Temperature Relations What is ecology Vegetation
业2025年7月9日8时32分
2025年7月9日8时32分
IndividualsTemwerature RelationsFIGURE4.4White and black sandsColor of the Ground2025年7月9日8时32分
2025年7月9日8时32分 Individuals Temperature Relations What is ecology Color of the Ground
IndividualsTemyerature RelationsWhite sand reflects allwavelengthsofvisiblelightColor of the Ground45°CThe same amount ofsolar energy heats upblack beaches morethan white beachesBlack sand absorbs allwavelengthsof visiblelight65°CFIGURE4.5Color of the ground and temperature (data from Hadley,Savill,and Schultz1992)
2025 年 7 月 9 日 8 时32 分 Individuals Temperature Relations What is ecology Color of the Ground