RCOLOGECONEPTSVDARECAUIONWOUUALISNMUTUALISM
MUTUALISM
MutualismFacultativemutualismObligatemutualismHummingbird and its pollinated plantsMycorrhizaeMicroorganism in a deer stomachA biosphere without mutualism wouldbebiologicallyimpoverishipederpollenfrom
Mutualism Facultative mutualism Obligate mutualism Hummingbird and its pollinated plants Mycorrhizae Microorganism in a deer’ stomach A biosphere without mutualism would be biologically impoverishiped
ROLOGECONCEPTSDARLECAUONWOUUALISNPlants benefitfrom mutualisticpartnerships with a wide variety ofbacteria, fungi,and animals
❖ Plants benefit from mutualistic partnerships with a wide variety of bacteria, fungi, and animals
RCOLOGECONEPTSVDRECUIONWOUUALISNPlant Performance and Mycorrhizal Fungi
➢ Plant Performance and Mycorrhizal Fungi
ROLOGECONCEPTSDRLECUIONWOIUALISN400millionyearsag0,Fungi,, plantVesicular-arbuscularmycorrhizae(VAM)Ectomycorrihizae(ECM)(b)hoaaiaraoae
400 million years ago, Fungi, plant Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae(VAM), Ectomycorrihizae(ECM)