Unit 2 Political System,Education and Economy 29 6.Which of the following is NOT one of the major exports of New Zealand? A.Dairy products. B.Fish. C.Wool. D.0i1. 7.Which of the following is NOT one of the major imports of New Zealand? A.Fruit. B.Machinery. C.Vehicles. D.Mineral fuels 8.New Zealand's trade has of exports going to Pacific Rim members of the APEC grouping. A.90% B.70% C.50% D.30% III.Fill in the blanks: 1.The Head of State of New Zealand is Queen Elizabeth II.She is represented in New Zealand by a 1 whose most important task is to call upon the leader of the to form a government after an election. 2.As an independent state,New Zealand is governed by an elected which has only one chamber,that i5, 3.The leader of the party in power is the of the government.The Members of Parliament who belong to the parties that are not in power are called the are officials working in government dcpartments and ministries whose appointments are independent of the political process. 5.Local government in New Zealand has three levels: territorial authorities and 6.The largest school in New Zealand is the which provides distance education for students who live in isolated places or who cannot attend school for medical or other reasons. 7.New Zealand's largest polytechnic is the 8.New Zealand's is one of the largest fisbing areas in the world 9.New Zealand has four major markets.They are_ the European Union, and the United States. 10.Tourism plays an important role in New Zealand's economy.Every year about international visitors come to New Zealand. IV.Tell what you know about the following in your own words: 1.The New Zealand Parliament 2.MMPR 3.The Ombudsman 4.The Open Polytechnic 5.New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone Questions for Consideration 1.What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?What are some of the
30 Unit 2 Political System,Education and Economy peculiar features of New Zealand's government system compared with Australia or Britain? 2.Why does the author say that New Zealand's reputation as the world's largest farm has been the result of hard work?In what way is New Zealand's agriculture similar with Australia? 3.The author says that New Zealand lives by trade.Is the remark accurate?What's New Zealand's relationship with the rest of the world? 4.After you read the two units,what impressed you most about New Zealand? Key to Exercises L.1.T2.F3.F4.F5.T6.T7.T8.F .1.C2.D3.A4.C5.C6.D7.A8.B III.1.Governor-General,majority party 2.Parliament,the House of Representatives 3.Prime Minister,Opposition 4.Public servants 5.regional councils,community boards 6.Correspondence School 7.Open Polytechnic 8.Exclusive Economic Zone 9.Australia,Japan 10.1.5 million IV.Sample answers: 1.The New Zealand's Parliament Since 1950 Parliament has had a single chamber,the House of Representatives.Its functions include passing laws, supervising the goverment's administration and receiving petitions from citizens with grievances.Currently there are 120 Members of Parliament,all elected by voters. 2.MMPR MMPR stands for Mixed Member Proportional Representation.Under this new election system,each voter has two votes,the first one for a candidate in their electorate,the second for a political party.The second vote,when counted nation-wide,decides the number of seats each party will take in Parliament. 3.The Ombudsman The Ombudsman is appointed by Parliament.His responsibilities are to investigate people's complaints against government departments and local authorities and to make sure that appropriate official information is freely available in accordance to the Official Information Act.There are the Chief Ombudsman and specialist ombuds- men in various fields. 4.The Open Polytechnic It is the largest educational institution in New Zealand.Most of its students study part-time.It offers more than 700 courses in a wide range of subjects.Multimedia learning is one of its characteristics. 5.New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone This Exclusive Economic Zone extends 200 nautical miles seaward from the low water mark around New Zealand and its offshore islands.It is one of the largest fishing areas in the world.There are a rich variety of sea species in the zone,of which 100 have great commercial values
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Unit 3 AMERICAN BEGINNINGS Go over the following focal points before reading the text: discovery of America Puritanism the Pilgrim Fathers the influence of Puritanism on American culture causes and major leaders of the American Revolution The Declaration of Independence Text What is an American?This has become a classic question asked classic adi. not only by foreigners visiting the United States,but more often by 典型的 pC说4. Americans themselves.When Americans feel confused or when they 提出 are in a crisis,they ask who they are and try to find out what being an descendant n. American means.In fact,this famous question was first asked by a 后代 Frenchman called J.Hector St.John de Crevecoeur'who settled in Penn- Duich adj 荷兰 sylvania in the 18th century.In 1782,this French farmer published a prejudice n. book in London entitled Letters from an American Farmer in which be 信见 posed the question and answered it himself:"What then is the Ameri- mode n. can,this new man?He is either a European,or the descendant of a 方式 rank European,hence that strange mixture of blood.which you will find in 社会地位 no other country.I could point out to you a family whose grandfather melt v. was an Englishman,whose wife was Dutch,whose son married a French 融为 woman,and whose present four sons have now four wives of different nations.He is an American,who leaving behind him all his ancient preju- dices and manners,receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced,the new government he obeys,and the new rank he holds.2 ..Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men
34 Unit 3 American Beginnings whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world. posterity n ..The American is a new man,who acts upon new principles;he must 后代 entertain v. therefore entertain new ideas,and form new opinions....This is an 容纳，接受，准备考虑 American."According to Crevecoeur,the American in those days had complex adj the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants without taking into 复杂的 consideration other nationalities such as American Indians and blacks. immigrant n. 移民 Today,the picture of an American is more complex.Iri American fami- people v. lies,there may be sons-in-law or daughters-in-law with European de- 居住 scendants or Afro-Americanss or Asian immigrants although these Siberian adj. mixed blood families of whites with other blacks or Asians are in the 西伯利亚(A)的 refuge n. minority.To understand this American,let us go back to American past. 避难所 pursue v. A New Land 遮赶 Bering Strait 白今海峡 The American continents were peopled as a result of two long- Alaska n. continuing immigration movements,the first from Asia,and the second 阿拉斯加 from Europe and Africa.The first movement began probably 25 000 inhabit v. years ago when Siberian tribes,in search of new hunting grounds or 居住 range v. of refuge from pursuing enemies,crossed over the Bering Strait to 延神 Alaska.5By 1492,over 10-20 million people,mistakenly called In- primitive adj. dians by Christopher Columbus,inhabited the Americas.They de- 原始的 civilization n. veloped their own aboriginal cultures,which ranged from the simple to 文明，文化 the complex,from those of the primitive tribes to the brilliant civiliza- migration n. tions of the Aztecs,the Incas and the Mayas.But their technological 迁移 development had lagged behind that of Europe and Asia. Bahama Islands The second migration to the Americas began with the expansion 巴哈马群岛 Caribbean Sea of Europe at the start of the modern period from the 16th century.In 加粉比海 1492,Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance his claim v. voyage.He believed that by sailing west from Europe,he could reach 声称拥有 the Far East.He never succeeded,but instead he landed on one of the grab v. 徐夺 Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea and"discovered"the New World. enforce v. Based on Columbus'discovery,the Spanish king could ciaim the terri- 坚持，腹调 tory in the Americas and later Spain conquered the new land and estab- permanent adj. lished a huge empire and grabbed enormous wealth from the Indians. 永久的 In 1497,another Italian sailor,John Cabot'wbo was in the service of the English king,arrived in today's Canada and the English king claimed that the whole of the territory of North America belonged to England. Enforcing this claim,the Englishmen began to establish permanent settlements in North America by the beginning of the 17th century