Chapter3 Microbial nutrition 1. Nutrient requirement 2.Nutritional types of microorganisms 3.Uptake of nutrients 4. Culture media
Chapter3 Microbial nutrition 1.Nutrient requirement 2.Nutritional types of microorganisms 3.Uptake of nutrients 4.Culture media
Microbial growth Conditions I Macronutrients 2. Micronutrients 3. Growth factors 4. Environmental factors: temperature; pH; Oxygen et al Nutrient requirements Microorganisms require a bout ten elements in large quantities, because they are used to construct carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Several other elements are needed in very small amounts and are parts of enzymes and cofactors
Microbial Growth Conditions 1. Macronutrients 2. Micronutrients 3. Growth factors 4. Environmental factors: temperature; pH; Oxygen et al. Microorganisms require about ten elements in large quantities, because they are used to construct carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Several other elements are needed in very small amounts and are parts of enzymes and cofactors. Nutrient requirements
Microbial nutrition Nutrients: Substances in the environment used by organisms for cata bolism and anabolism Macronutrients: required in large amounts, including carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus (Components of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids ) potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron(cations and part of enzymes and cofactors). 2. Micronutrients: Microbes require very small amounts of other mineral elements, such as iron, copper, molybdenum, and zinc; these are referred to as trace elements Most are essential for activity of certain enzymes, usually as cofactors contaminants in water, glassware, and regular media components often are adequate for growth
Microbial Nutrition 1. Macronutrients: required in large amounts, including: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus (Components of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids ); potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron (cations and part of enzymes and cofactors). 2. Micronutrients: Microbes require very small amounts of other mineral elements, such as iron, copper, molybdenum, and zinc; these are referred to as trace elements. Most are essential for activity of certain enzymes, usually as cofactors. Nutrients: Substances in the environment used by organisms for catabolism and anabolism. contaminants in water, glassware, and regular media components often are adequate for growth
Growth factors ()amino acids,(2) purines and pyrimidines, 3) vitamins Amino acids are needed for protein synthesis, purines and pyrimidines for nucleic acid synthesis. Vitamins are small organic molecules that usually make up all or part enzyme cofactors, and only very small amounts are required for growth
Growth Factors Amino acids are needed for protein synthesis, purines and pyrimidines for nucleic acid synthesis. Vitamins are small organic molecules that usually make up all or part enzyme cofactors, and only very small amounts are required for growth. (1)amino acids, (2) purines and pyrimidines, (3) vitamins
Requirement for carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Carbon sources: heterotrophs:"CHO autotrophs: CO2 Xtraordinary flexibility No naturally occurring organic molecule cannot be used by some microorganism eg Paraffin( st), rubber Omnivores: use over 100 different carbon compounds Fastidious: catabolize only a few carbon compound Relatively indigestible human-made substances are metabolized by complex populations of microorganisms
Requirement for carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Carbon sources: heterotrophs: “CHO” autotrophs: CO2 Extraordinary flexibility: No naturally occurring organic molecule cannot be used by some microorganism. eg. Paraffin（石蜡）, rubber. Omnivores: use over 100 different carbon compounds. Fastidious: catabolize only a few carbon compound Relatively indigestible human-made substances are metabolized by complex populations of microorganisms