Instruction Manual and Experiment Guide ADVANCED OPTICS SYSTEM Shanghai JiaoTong University Center of Physics Experiment 0
0 Instruction Manual and Experiment Guide ADVANCED OPTICS SYSTEM Shanghai JiaoTong University Center of Physics Experiment
Table of Contents Section Page ntroduction..................................................... .2 Equ1 oment..........…..2 Experiments Experiment 1:Reflection......... 23 Experiment 2:Refraction...... 26 Experiment 3:Lenses...... .30 Experiment4:The Wave Nature ofLight.........................35 Experiment5:The Laser..................37 Experiment 6:Interference From Multiple Reflections..........40 Experiment 7:Diffraction By Slits......................... 41 Experiment 8:Diffraction at Circular Edges......................43 Experiment 9:DeterminingThe WavelengthofLight...........46 Experiment 10:Polarization......... .48 Experiment 11:Optical Activity..... 51 Experiment 12:Scattering...... 53 Experiment 13:Holography............................ .56 1
1 Table of Contents Section Page Introduction…………………………………………….….…………1 Equipment……………………………………………….….………..2 Experiments Experiment 1: Reflection……………………………….…….23 Experiment 2: Refraction………………………………..……26 Experiment 3: Lenses………………………………………….30 Experiment 4: The Wave Nature of Light……….…………….35 Experiment 5: The Laser……………………………………....37 Experiment 6: Interference From Multiple Reflections……….40 Experiment 7: Diffraction By Slits……………………………41 Experiment 8: Diffraction at Circular Edges………………….43 Experiment 9: Determining The Wavelength of Light…….….46 Experiment 10: Polarization…………………………………..48 Experiment 11: Optical Activity………………………………51 Experiment 12: Scattering………………………………….…53 Experiment 13: Holography…………………………………..56
Introduction This manual includes operating instructions,specifications,and experiments for the five PASCO Optics Systems listed in Tablel.These systems comprise PASCO's "advanced"optics systems (as opposed to our OS-8500 Introductory Optics System,a less Sophisticated system which is not described in this manual). In reality,the five PASCO Optics systems described in this manual are really a single system, available in five different packages.The Complete Optics System(OS-9254A)includes all of the instruments and components available,and enables you to perform all of the experiments described in the Experiments section.Each of the other systems includes some subset of the instruments and components included in the Complete System,and can be used to perform some of the experiments. The components of the five optics systems are completely interchangeable,so if you purchase any combination of systems,you can mix and match components.Moreover,if you decide to upgrade your system,all the components are available separately,so there is no need to purchase duplicate equipment.Information on all instruments and components is provided in the equipment section of this manual. *NOTE:The PASCO OS-8500 Introductory Optics System(not described in this manual)is not compatible with any of the systems,instruments,or components described in this manual The Experiments Guide section of the PASCO Optics System manual is intended to give the student an outline of the range of optics experiments which can be performed with the PASCO system.The experiments have been written to help the student master any idiosyncrasies in the system in order to use the apparatus with maximum efficiency and minimum error.Hopefully the student will gain sufficient technique to design and perform his or her own optics experiments with the PASCO Optics System. In order to insure success with the various experiments,the student should first read the Equipment instructions in the first portion of the manual.Also,the light patterns and images will be much easier to see and measure if the ambient room light is kept down to a minimum. Often an experiment can be performed with either the incandescent light source or the laser. Before using the laser in these cases,the student should read the equipment description as well as Experiment 5 which cover the unique properties of the laser.The most important point to remember is that the laser is not a toy.Do Not Look Directly Into The Laser Or Its Mirror Reflection
1 Introduction This manual includes operating instructions, specifications, and experiments for the five PASCO Optics Systems listed in Table1. These systems comprise PASCO's “advanced” optics systems (as opposed to our OS-8500 Introductory Optics System, a less Sophisticated system which is not described in this manual). In reality, the five PASCO Optics systems described in this manual are really a single system, available in five different packages. The Complete Optics System (OS-9254A) includes all of the instruments and components available, and enables you to perform all of the experiments described in the Experiments section. Each of the other systems includes some subset of the instruments and components included in the Complete System, and can be used to perform some of the experiments. The components of the five optics systems are completely interchangeable, so if you purchase any combination of systems, you can mix and match components. Moreover, if you decide to upgrade your system, all the components are available separately, so there is no need to purchase duplicate equipment. Information on all instruments and components is provided in the equipment section of this manual. ★NOTE: The PASCO OS-8500 Introductory Optics System (not described in this manual) is not compatible with any of the systems, instruments, or components described in this manual. The Experiments Guide section of the PASCO Optics System manual is intended to give the student an outline of the range of optics experiments which can be performed with the PASCO system. The experiments have been written to help the student master any idiosyncrasies in the system in order to use the apparatus with maximum efficiency and minimum error. Hopefully the student will gain sufficient technique to design and perform his or her own optics experiments with the PASCO Optics System. In order to insure success with the various experiments, the student should first read the Equipment instructions in the first portion of the manual. Also, the light patterns and images will be much easier to see and measure if the ambient room light is kept down to a minimum. Often an experiment can be performed with either the incandescent light source or the laser. Before using the laser in these cases, the student should read the equipment description as well as Experiment 5 which cover the unique properties of the laser. The most important point to remember is that the laser is not a toy. Do Not Look Directly Into The Laser Or Its Mirror Reflection
Table1:Optics Systems and Experiments System Catalog Number Experiments1 The Complete Optics System2 0S-9254A All The Advanced Optics System with laser 0S-9246 All without laser 0S-9250 1-4 The Intermediate Optics System with laser 0S9247 1-10 without laser 0S-9251 1-4 1These experiments include only those that are fully described in the Experiment section on this manual.With the wide variety of components included in the Complete Optics System,many other experiments are possible. 2The Complete Optics System indudes the PASCO Interferometer,which is not mentioned in this manual.However,a separate manual is included with the Interferometer. Equipment Table 2 lists the equipment included in each of the PASCO optics systems.For example,the Advanced System contains five of the OS-9107 Component Holders,while the Diffraction System contains only one.Major components are identified in Figure I on the following page.Minor components,such as lenses,mirrors,filters,etc.,are labeled,so there should be no confusion in identifying them. Information on setting up and using the various instruments and components is provided on the following pages. ★NOTES: DThe Complete Optics System is not listed in Table 2,because its components are identical to those of the Advanced Optics System.The difference between the two systems is that the Complete System includes the PASCO Interferometer,which comes with its own manual. 2If you purchased a system without the laser(OS-9250 or OS-925 1),the included components are as listed in the table,but you will not have the following: .0.5 mW Helium Neon Laser (OS-9171). Laser Alignment Bench(OS-9172)
2 Table1: Optics Systems and Experiments System Catalog Number Experiments1 The Complete Optics System2 The Advanced Optics System with laser without laser The Intermediate Optics System with laser without laser OS-9254A OS-9246 OS-9250 OS-9247 OS-9251 All All 1-4 1-10 1-4 1These experiments include only those that are fully described in the Experiment section on this manual. With the wide variety of components included in the Complete Optics System, many other experiments are possible. 2The Complete Optics System includes the PASCO Interferometer, which is not mentioned in this manual. However, a separate manual is included with the Interferometer. Equipment Table 2 lists the equipment included in each of the PASCO optics systems. For example, the Advanced System contains five of the OS-9107 Component Holders, while the Diffraction System contains only one. Major components are identified in Figure 1 on the following page. Minor components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, etc., are labeled, so there should be no confusion in identifying them. Information on setting up and using the various instruments and components is provided on the following pages. ★NOTES: ①The Complete Optics System is not listed in Table 2, because its components are identical to those of the Advanced Optics System. The difference between the two systems is that the Complete System includes the PASCO Interferometer, which comes with its own manual. ②If you purchased a system without the laser (OS-9250 or OS-925 1), the included components are as listed in the table, but you will not have the following: ·0.5 mW Helium Neon Laser (OS-9171). ·Laser Alignment Bench (OS-9172)
Table2:Component List Catalog Catalog No. Description No. Description 0S-8020 High Sensitivity Photameter 0S-9119 Light Source Apertures(1.0.2.0) 0S-9152B Student Photometer 0S-9120 Diffuser 0S-9171 1 0.5 mW He-NeLaser 0S-9121 Crossed Arrow Target 0S-9257 1 InterferometerSystemwithout Laser 0S-9165 Slits and Patterns(16 sets on 4 slides) 0S-9172 Laser Alignment Bench 0S-9126 Opaque Points and Fresno Zone Plates 0S-9102A Incandescent Light Source 0S-9127 1 1 5276 Line/cm Diffraction Grating 0S-9103 Optics Bench 0S-9128 Glass Plate 0S-9104A Linear Translator 0S-9129 Acrylic Plate OS-9106A Angular Translator/Component Camier 0S-9130 Prism(90) 0S-9107 4 Component Carrier 0S-9131 22 mm F.L.Lens 0S-9108 Glass Dispersion Tank 0S-9132 18mm F.L.Lens 0S-910g Calibrated Polarizer 0S-9133 48 mm F.L.Lens 0S-9110 Calibrated 140 nm Retarder 0S-9134 127mm F.L.Lens 0S-9111 Red Spectral Filter 0S-9135 252mm F.L.Lens 0S-9112 Yellow Spectral Filter 0S-9136 Flat Front Surface Mirror 0S-9113 Green Spectral Filter 0S-9137 1 Concave Front Surface Minor 0S-9114 Blue Spectral Filter 0S-9138 Viewing Screen with Metric Scale 0S-9115 Hologram 0S-9139 Aperture Mask 0S-9116 Photometer Apertures 0S-9140 Fitted Case for Optical Components 0S-9117 Variable Diaphragm 0S-9141 Experiment Manual 0S-9118 Light Source Apertures(0.5.0.75)
3 Table2: Component List Catalog No. Complete Advanced Intermediate Description Catalog No. Complete Advanced Intermediate Description OS-8020 1 1 High Sensitivity Photometer OS-9119 1 1 1 Light Source Apertures (1.0, 2.0) OS-9152B 1 Student Photometer OS-9120 1 1 1 Diffuser OS-9171 1 1 1 0.5 mW He-Ne Laser OS-9121 1 1 1 Crossed Arrow Target OS-9257 1 Interferometer System without Laser OS-9165 1 1 1 Slits and Patterns (16 sets on 4 slides) OS-9172 1 1 1 Laser Alignment Bench OS-9126 1 1 1 Opaque Points and Fresno Zone Plates OS-9102A 1 1 1 Incandescent Light Source OS-9127 1 1 1 5276 Line/cm Diffraction Grating OS-9103 1 1 1 Optics Bench OS-9128 1 1 1 Glass Plate OS-9104A 1 1 1 Linear Translator OS-9129 1 1 1 Acrylic Plate OS-9106A 1 1 1 Angular Translator/Component Carrier OS-9130 1 1 1 Prism (900 ) OS-9107 5 5 4 Component Carrier OS-9131 1 1 1 -22 mm F.L. Lens OS-9108 1 1 Glass Dispersion Tank OS-9132 1 1 1 18 mm F.L. Lens OS-9109 3 3 3 Calibrated Polarizer OS-9133 1 1 1 48 mm F.L. Lens OS-9110 1 1 1 Calibrated 140 nm Retarder OS-9134 1 1 1 127 mm F.L. Lens OS-9111 1 1 Red Spectral Filter OS-9135 1 1 1 252 mm F.L. Lens OS-9112 1 1 Yellow Spectral Filter OS-9136 1 1 1 Flat Front Surface Mirror OS-9113 1 1 Green Spectral Filter OS-9137 1 1 1 Concave Front Surface Mirror OS-9114 1 1 Blue Spectral Filter OS-9138 1 1 1 Viewing Screen with Metric Scale OS-9115 1 1 1 Hologram OS-9139 1 1 1 Aperture Mask OS-9116 1 1 1 Photometer Apertures OS-9140 1 1 1 Fitted Case for Optical Components OS-9117 1 1 1 Variable Diaphragm OS-9141 1 1 1 Experiment Manual OS-9118 1 1 1 Light Source Apertures (0.5, 0.75)