力影论坛 age. com 黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析 ntellectual interests, pursuits,etc需用答辩状 脑力的爱好、研究等。 consciously: adv. n intellectual person知识分子:脑力劳动者:|【形】 conscIous 【例】 a play,bok, etc for intellectuals以知1 knowing what is going on around one 识分子为对象的 because one is able to use bodily senses and plead :/ pli: d; plid/ mental powers; awake感觉到的;意识到的 make repeated清醒的:【例】 He was in a coma for days,but urgent requests(tosb)( for sth)再三恳求或| now hes(uly) conscious agaIn.他昏迷了几 请求(某人)(做某事):【例】 plead for mercy祈|天,但现在又(完全)清醒了 求发慈悲; He pleaded with his parents for a2~ of sth/that.aware; noticing知道的;察 more understanding attitude.他求父母多加觉的;注意到的:【例】 be conscious of being 谅解 watched/ that one is being watched察觉有人 2ofer(th) as an explanation or excuse,在监视自己 esp for failing to do sth or for doing sth 3(of actions, feelings, etc)realized by wong提出(理由或藉口)(尤指因未做某事或做| oneself; intentional(指行为、感情等)自觉 错某事):【例】 They asked him to pay for the的;蓄意的:【例】one' s conscious motives damage but he pleaded poverty.他们要他付| are often different from one' s subconscious 损害赔偿金,但他藉口贫穷而不偿还 ones.一个人有明显动机的举动跟下意识的举动 3~for/ against sb(aw律)( of a lawyer)往往截然不同。 speak to a lawcourt (on behalf of the 4 being particularly aware of and interested plaintiff/defendant)(指律师)(在法庭上为原告 in the thing mentioned对所提到的事物具有深 [被告])提出申诉、答辩或辩护。 刻认识和浓厚兴趣的:【例】 trying to make the 4(aw律) present( a case) to a court of workers more politically conscious努力提高 aw向法庭陈述(案情):【例】 They employed工人的政治觉悟 the best lawyer they could get to plead their【名】 consclousness case,他们聘请了能请到的最好的律师为他们陈[U]1(a) state of being conscious(1)知觉; 述案情。 清醒状态:【例】 The blow caused him to 5(law i)put(sth) forward as the basis lose consciousness.那一击打得他失去了 of a case in a court of law(on behalf of sb) 知觉.(b)~( of sth/that.) state of being (代表某人)向法庭提出(某事)(作为案件的基 悟:【例】m 础)【例】 Counsel for the accused said that he onsciousness of her needs我对她的需 intended to plead insanity ie that his client was insane and therefore not responsible for 2 all the ideas, thoughts, feelings etc of his actions.被告的律师说他想提出案发时被告 a person or people意识:【例】 attitudes 精神失常这一理由,为被告不需负法律责任进行辩 hat are deeply ingrained in the English 护 consciousness深深扎根於英国人意识中的 6 N(for)sth argue in support of sth; support( a~cause) by argument极力主张;以| articulate 辩论支持(某事业):【例】 plead for the adj1( (of a person) able to express one's modernization of the city's public transport leas clearly in words(指人)能用词语 力主城市公共交通现代化 把意思表达清楚的:【例】 She's unusually 【形】 pleadingly in a begging or an imploring articulate for a ten-year-old.对一个十 manner恳求地:乞求地 岁的孩子来说,她异乎寻常地能说会道 【名】 pleadings(律)(原告的)诉状:被告的) 2(of speech) clearly pronounced (h
黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析 intellectual interests, pursuits, etc 需用 脑力的爱好、 研究等。 n intellectual person 知识分子； 脑力劳动者： 【例】 a play, book, etc for intellectuals 以知 识分子为对象的剧、书等。 plead ：/ pli:d; plid/ v 1 ~ (with sb) (for sth) make repeated urgent requests (to sb) (for sth) 再三恳求或 请求（某人）（做某事）：【例】plead for mercy 祈 求发慈悲； He pleaded with his parents for a more understanding attitude. 他求父母多加 谅解。 2 offer (sth) as an explanation or excuse, esp for failing to do sth or for doing sth wrong 提出（理由或藉口）（尤指因未做某事或做 错某事）：【例】They asked him to pay for the damage but he pleaded poverty. 他们要他付 损害赔偿金, 但他藉口贫穷而不偿还。 3 ~ for/against sb (law 律) (of a lawyer) speak to a lawcourt (on behalf of the plaintiff/defendant)（指律师）（在法庭上为原告 [被告]）提出申诉、答辩或辩护。 4 (law 律) present (a case) to a court of law 向法庭陈述（案情）：【例】 They employed the best lawyer they could get to plead their case. 他们聘请了能请到的最好的律师为他们陈 述案情。 5 (law 律) put (sth) forward as the basis of a case in a court of law (on behalf of sb) （代表某人）向法庭提出（某事）（作为案件的基 础）：【例】Counsel for the accused said that he intended to plead insanity, ie that his client was insane and therefore not responsible for his actions. 被告的律师说他想提出案发时被告 精神失常这一理由, 为被告不需负法律责任进行辩 护。 6 ~ (for) sth argue in support of sth; support (a cause) by argument 极力主张; 以 辩论支持（某事业）：【例】 plead for the modernization of the city's public transport 力主城市公共交通现代化。 【形】pleadingly in a begging or an imploring manner 恳求地；乞求地 【名】pleadings (律) （原告的）诉状；被告的） 答辩状 consciously：adv. 【形】conscious 1 knowing what is going on around one because one is able to use bodily senses and mental powers; awake 感觉到的; 意识到的; 清醒的: 【例】He was in a coma for days, but now he's (fully) conscious again. 他昏迷了几 天, 但现在又（完全）清醒了。 2 ~ of sth/that... aware; noticing 知道的; 察 觉的; 注意到的：【例】be conscious of being watched/that one is being watched 察觉有人 在监视自己 3 (of actions, feelings, etc) realized by oneself; intentional （指行为、 感情等）自觉 的; 蓄意的： 【例】One's conscious motives are often different from one's subconscious ones. 一个人有明显动机的举动跟下意识的举动 往往截然不同。 4 being particularly aware of and interested in the thing mentioned 对所提到的事物具有深 刻认识和浓厚兴趣的：【例】trying to make the workers more politically conscious 努力提高 工人的政治觉悟。 【名】consciousness [U] 1 (a) state of being conscious(1) 知觉; 清醒状态：【例】The blow caused him to lose consciousness. 那一击打得他失去了 知觉. (b) ~ (of sth/that...) state of being aware; awareness 明了; 觉悟：【例】my consciousness of her needs 我对她的需 求的了解。 2 all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc of a person or people 意识：【例】attitudes that are deeply ingrained in the English consciousness 深深扎根於英国人意识中的 看法。 articulate adj 1 (of a person) able to express one's ideas clearly in words （指人）能用词语 把意思表达清楚的：【例】She's unusually articulate for a ten-year-old. 对一个十 岁的孩子来说, 她异乎寻常地能说会道。 2 (of speech) clearly pronounced （指 5
力影论坛 Topsage.coM 黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析 讲话)发音清晰的 德上的问题的:【例】 argely an ethical problem 3 having joints有关节的。 主要是道德问题 v1 speak(sth) clearly and distinctly清楚明2 morally correct合乎道德的:【例】His 白地说(某事)【例】 I'm a little deaf please behavior has not been strictly ethical.他的 articulate( your words) carefully.我有些耳行为不太道德。 背--请(把话)仔细说清楚 emine 2[通常用於被动语态]~(sth) with sth form adj.1( of a person) famous and a joint or connect(sth) by joints with sth distinguished(指人)著名的,杰出的,卓 形成关节;(用关节)连接:【例】 bones that 越的:【例】 an eminent architect杰出的 articulate/ are articulated with others以关 建筑师 与其它骨骼相连的骨骼。 2[通常作定语]( of qualities) remarkable; 【副】 articulately outstanding(指品质、特性)明显的:显著的 【名】 articulateness 突出的:【例】 a man of eminent goodness品 in the light of按照,根据,当作 德优良的人 analogous 【副】 eminently di(to/ with sth) partially similar or obviously; outstandingly明显地:显著地;突 parallel; offering an analogy类似的;相似的:出地:【例】 She seems eminently suitable for 【例】 The two processes are not analogo the job.她看来极适合做这项工作。 这两种过程不相似 翻译题解 encounter 46 I shall define him as an individual who v( ml x)1 meet or find oneself faced by has elected as his primary duty and (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc) pleasure in life the activity of thinking in 遇到或发现自己面临(令人不快的、危险的、困 Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral 难的…某事[某人]):【例】 I encountered many difficulties when I first started this job.我开 句子分段 始做这项工作时,遇到许多困难 I shall define him as an individual ll who has 2 meet(a friend, etc)unexpectedly WiE elected as his primary duty and pleasure in (友人等) life Ii the activity of thinking in Socratic (3h n w(with sb/sth) sudden or unexpected 格拉底) way about moral problems ( esp hostile) meeting突然的或意外的(尤指敌句子分析 对的)相遇:【例】 an encounter with an enemy 本句话的翻译主要难在句子结构的宏观把握, 与敌人的遭遇。 关键要抓住以下两点:第一,who引导的定于从句 ethic 比较长,所以采取后置翻译的方法:第二,“ as his n1 system of moral principles,; rules of primary duty and pleasure in life”是状语成 conduct道德标准:行为准则:【例 Ithe puritan 分,本应放在句末作补充说明,由于 elected的宾 ethic清教徒的伦理观 语“ the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格 2ehsn(a) sing v science that deals拉底) way about moral problems”比较长, with morals伦理学:【例】 is a branch所以as引导的状语作了前置处理,形成倒装 of philosophy.伦理学是哲学的分科。(b)[p] 从微观层面来讲,句子的词义把握总体简单, moral correctness道德规范:【例】 IThe ethics其中的 I define.as(把…定义为),这个词组 of his decision are doubtful.他的这一决定是 在2003年就考过, Socratic还给出了中文。考生 否合乎道德规范值得怀疑 要注意的是两点:第一,him这个代词需要根据上 【形】 ethical 文译出“知识分子”,否则译文不够完整通顺,而 1 of morals or moral questions道德的:道| intellectual这个单词在历年考题中出现过多次, 考生应该认识。第二, elect基本的意思是选举
黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析 讲话）发音清晰的。 3 having joints 有关节的。 v 1 speak (sth) clearly and distinctly 清楚明 白地说（某事）：【例】 I'm a little deaf please articulate (your words) carefully. 我有些耳 背--请（把话）仔细说清楚。 2 [通常用於被动语态] ~ (sth) with sth form a joint or connect (sth) by joints with sth 形成关节; （用关节）连接：【例】bones that articulate/are articulated with others 以关 节与其它骨骼相连的骨骼。 【副】articulately 【名】articulateness in the light of 按照, 根据, 当作 analogous adj ~ (to/with sth) partially similar or parallel; offering an analogy 类似的；相似的： 【例】 The two processes are not analogous. 这两种过程不相似。 encounter v (fml 文) 1 meet or find oneself faced by (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc) 遇到或发现自己面临（令人不快的、 危险的、 困 难的...某事[某人]）：【例】 I encountered many difficulties when I first started this job. 我开 始做这项工作时, 遇到许多困难。 2 meet (a friend, etc) unexpectedly 邂逅 （友人等）。 n ~ (with sb/sth) sudden or unexpected (esp hostile) meeting 突然的或意外的（尤指敌 对的）相遇：【例】an encounter with an enemy 与敌人的遭遇。 ethic n 1 system of moral principles; rules of conduct 道德标准；行为准则：【例】the Puritan ethic 清教徒的伦理观 2 ethics n (a) [sing v] science that deals with morals 伦理学：【例】Ethics is a branch of philosophy. 伦理学是哲学的分科。 (b) [pl] moral correctness 道德规范：【例】The ethics of his decision are doubtful. 他的这一决定是 否合乎道德规范值得怀疑。 【形】ethical 1 of morals or moral questions 道德的； 道 德上的问题的：【例】largely an ethical problem 主要是道德问题 2 morally correct 合乎道德的：【例】 His behavior has not been strictly ethical. 他的 行为不太道德。 eminent adj. 1(of a person) famous and distinguished （指人）著名的, 杰出的, 卓 越的：【例】an eminent architect 杰出的 建筑师 2 [通常作定语] (of qualities) remarkable; outstanding （指品质、 特性）明显的；显著的； 突出的：【例】a man of eminent goodness 品 德优良的人 【副】eminently obviously; outstandingly 明显地；显著地；突 出地：【例】She seems eminently suitable for the job. 她看来极适合做这项工作。 翻译题解： 46、I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic （苏格拉底） way about moral problems. 句子分段： I shall define him as an individual || who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life || the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏 格拉底）way about moral problems. 句子分析： 本句话的翻译主要难在句子结构的宏观把握， 关键要抓住以下两点：第一，who 引导的定于从句 比较长，所以采取后置翻译的方法；第二，“as his primary duty and pleasure in life”是状语成 分，本应放在句末作补充说明，由于 elected 的宾 语“the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格 拉底）way about moral problems”比较长， 所以 as 引导的状语作了前置处理，形成倒装。 从微观层面来讲，句子的词义把握总体简单， 其中的 define…as…（把…定义为…），这个词组 在 2003 年就考过，Socratic 还给出了中文。考生 要注意的是两点：第一，him 这个代词需要根据上 文译出“知识分子”，否则译文不够完整通顺，而 intellectual 这个单词在历年考题中出现过多次， 考生应该认识。第二，elect 基本的意思是选举， 6
力影论坛 Topsage.coM 黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析 推选,这里需要根据上下文作适当的引申,可以理定的推理过程的责任。 解为“选择”。其实在翻译时,不用译出 elect的意 2、知识分子的作用类似于法官的作用,后者 必须承担起这样的责任:用尽可能明显的方式来揭 参考译文: 示让他做出决定的推理过程 1、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体:他用苏(48) I have excluded him because, while 格拉底的方式思考道德问题,并以此作为其生命中 his accomplishments may contribute to the 的主要职责与乐趣 solution of moral problems, he has not 2、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体,他把用| been charged with the task of approaching 苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题作为自己的主要责| any but the factual aspects of those 任与乐趣 problems (47) His function is analogous to that of a句子分段: I have excluded him I because judge, who must while his accomplishments may contribute revealing in as obvious a matter as possible to the solution of moral problems, he has the course of reasoning which led him to his not been charged with the task Il of approaching any but the factual aspects of 句子分段: His function is analogous to that of| those problems a judge, I who must accept the obligation句子分析: of revealing in as obvious a matter as 宏观上来讲,本句话不难,主要考察因果关系, possible I the course of reasoning which led虽然在原因部分加入whe引导的让步从句,但句 him to his decision 子结构仍旧简单。 句子分析: 本句话的难点在于微观层面的词义把握。 本句话的翻译和46题相似,仍旧看重句子 Exclude与 include相反,是排除的意思 构的分析。首先,who引导的定于从句是一个非限| accomplishment表示成就: contribute to意为 制性定于从句而且比较长,所以后置翻译,而且a有利于,有助于; be charged with应该是考生最 judge这个名词不够具体,特点不够明显,所以|难理解的地方,它最普通的意思是控告,但这里be Who引导的定语从句是在限定 a judge.其次,“ in charged with a task应理解为承担一项任务。另 as obvious a matter as possible”是状语成分,外,句子中有个分开的词组,not… any but… 用来说明 reveal的方式,“ the course of表示ony,理解为“仅仅”:可见,考研翻译是以 reasoning which led him to his decision”是一定的词汇量为基础的。除了这些词义的把握,在 reveal的宾语。由于动词语宾语被状语隔开,所以翻译时还要注意把句子开头的代词hm具体翻译 考生在历届时有一定困难。最后,“ which led him为: average scientist(普通科学家) to his decision”这个定语从句较短,可以先行词|参考译文 前面翻译 1、我之所以把普通科学家排除在外,是因为 从微观的词义方面来看,本句话要注意以下几个方虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题,但是他只是承 面:第一, His function最好译出“知识分子的作担了触及这些问题事实方面的任务 用”:第二, analogous表示相似的,可理解为 (改进:我之所以把普通科学家排除在外,是 similar,很多考生不能较好把握这个单词:第三,因为虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题,但是他只 in as obvious a manner as possible中包含in是触及了这些问题的事实方面。 an obvious manner(明显的方式)和 as obvious 2、因为虽然普通科学家的成就有助于解决道 as possible(尽可能明显)两个词组,翻译时需德问题,但是他只是承担了触及这些问题事实方面 要准切理解词组的结合。 的任务,所以我把他排除在外 参考译文 (49) But his primary task is not to think 1、知识分子的作用与法官的作用类似,后者 about the moral code which governs his 必须承担用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决| activity, any more than a businessman is
黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析 推选，这里需要根据上下文作适当的引申，可以理 解为“选择”。其实在翻译时，不用译出 elect 的意 思。 参考译文： 1、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体：他用苏 格拉底的方式思考道德问题，并以此作为其生命中 的主要职责与乐趣。 2、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体，他把用 苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题作为自己的主要责 任与乐趣。 （47） His function is analogous to that of a judge， who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. 句子分段：His function is analogous to that of a judge，|| who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible || the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. 句子分析： 本句话的翻译和 46 题相似，仍旧看重句子结 构的分析。首先，who 引导的定于从句是一个非限 制性定于从句而且比较长，所以后置翻译，而且 a judge 这个名词不够具体，特点不够明显，所以 who 引导的定语从句是在限定 a judge.其次，“in as obvious a matter as possible”是状语成分， 用来说明 reveal 的方式，“ the course of reasoning which led him to his decision”是 reveal 的宾语。由于动词语宾语被状语隔开，所以 考生在历届时有一定困难。最后，“which led him to his decision”这个定语从句较短，可以先行词 前面翻译。 从微观的词义方面来看，本句话要注意以下几个方 面：第一，His function 最好译出“知识分子的作 用”；第二，analogous 表示相似的，可理解为 similar，很多考生不能较好把握这个单词；第三， in as obvious a manner as possible 中包含 in an obvious manner（明显的方式）和 as obvious as possible（尽可能明显）两个词组，翻译时需 要准切理解词组的结合。 参考译文： 1、知识分子的作用与法官的作用类似，后者 必须承担用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决 定的推理过程的责任。 2、知识分子的作用类似于法官的作用，后者 必须承担起这样的责任：用尽可能明显的方式来揭 示让他做出决定的推理过程。 （48） I have excluded him because， while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems， he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 句子分段：I have excluded him || because， while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems， he has not been charged with the task || of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 句子分析： 宏观上来讲，本句话不难，主要考察因果关系， 虽然在原因部分加入 while 引导的让步从句，但句 子结构仍旧简单。 本句话的难点在于微观层面的词义把握。 Exclude 与 include 相反，是排除的意思； accomplishment 表示成就；contribute to 意为 有利于，有助于；be charged with 应该是考生最 难理解的地方，它最普通的意思是控告，但这里 be charged with a task 应理解为承担一项任务。另 外，句子中有个分开的词组，not…any but…， 表示 only，理解为“仅仅”；可见，考研翻译是以 一定的词汇量为基础的。除了这些词义的把握，在 翻译时还要注意把句子开头的代词 him 具体翻译 为：average scientist（普通科学家）。 参考译文： 1、我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为 虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题，但是他只是承 担了触及这些问题事实方面的任务。 （改进：我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是 因为虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题，但是他只 是触及了这些问题的事实方面。） 2、因为虽然普通科学家的成就有助于解决道 德问题，但是他只是承担了触及这些问题事实方面 的任务，所以我把他排除在外。 （49）But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity， any more than a businessman is 7
力影论坛 Topsage.coM 黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析 expected to dedicate his energies to an放在先行词前面翻译 exploration of rules of conduct in busine 在词义把握的微观层面,要注意 more than 句子分段: But his primary task is not to think表示不仅仅,超过:te具有否定意味,不能翻 about the moral code II which governs h译为一些等 activity, any more than a businessman参考译文: is expected to dedicate his energies to an 1、教师可能擅长教书,而且不仅仅专注于赚 exploration I of rules of conduct in钱,但是大部分教师对涉及人类道德判断的问题很 business 少或没有进行独立的思考 句子分析 全文翻译: 从宏观框架层面来看,关键是要把握两点:第 美国的知识分子被他们的所在社会拒绝并不 which governs his activity”这个定于从认为是社会组成的一部分,这一情况属实么?我将 句可以放在被限定的名词前面,译文会显得简练,暗示一下这不是真实的情况。当父亲 当然后置翻译也是可以的:考生最难把握的是 Bruckbergen观察发现正是知识分子自己拒绝 not-any more than…,表示两者类似。所以后美国,他揭露了一部分直相,但是,他们所做的不 半句话是用类比的方式对前半句话进行说明 仅限于此。他们逐渐对知识分子的角色感到不满。 在词义的微观层面上,有些词组需要注意 正是他们自身,而不是美国,变为了反知识分子。 moral code中,code表示编码,道德编码不同 首先,我们的研究目标是来力求一个定义。什 顺,需要结合汉语表达习惯,译为“道德准则”“道么是知识分子?我把知识分子定义为这样的个体 德标准”等。 dedicate to表示致力于,如果这个|他用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题,并以此作为其 词组没有准确理解,句子就很难译好。 Exploration 生命中的主要职责与乐趣。他首先提出实际问题 是开发探索之意,翻译时需要做一点调整。看见, 然后提出道德层面上的问题,最后提出看起来和他 考研翻译不仅考察对单词的认知,而且考察根据上 所获得的实际和道德信息相符合的行动建议。通过 下文作意思转换与引申的能力 这一系列行为来清晰明了真实地探究此类问题。知 参考译文 识分子的作用与法官的作用类似,后者必须承担用 但是普通科学家的主要任务并非是思考约尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过 束其行为的道德准则,这正如人们不期望商人致力程的责任。 于探究商业行为规范 该定义排除了多个通常被称为知识分子的个 2、但是普通科学家的主要任务并非思考道德 体一一对于个人而言是普通的科学家。我之所以把 准则,虽然道德准则约束着他的行为:这正如人们普通科学家排除在外,是因为虽然他的成就有助于 不指望商人致力于探究商业行为规范 解决道德问题,但是他只是触及了这些问题的事实 (50) They may teach very wel, and more方面。和其他人类一样,即使在日常例行职责的表 than earn their salaries, but most of thel 现中也会遇到道德问题一一人们并不会要求他可 make little or no independent reflections on 以烹饪实验,加工事实或医治报告。但是普通科学 human problems which involve mora家的主要任务并非是思考约束其行为的道德准则, 这正如人们不期望商人致力于探究商业行为规范 句子分段: They may teach very well.,anc 在其大部分的人生中,他将认同他的行为准则,正 more than earn their salaries, I but most of 如商人认同商人的道德规范 no independent 该定义同样排除了多数教师,尽管事实上,教 reflections on human problems I which育是许多知识分子用来谋生的传统方法。教师可能 involve moral judgm 擅长教书,而且不仅仅专注于赚钱,但是大部分教 句子分析 师对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独 本句话相对简单,句子用虽然…但是…的结构立的思考。大部分著名学者甚至都符合这一描述。 即可从前往后按顺序翻译,为译需要作调整的地方在人类知识的某一分支是专家是一回事而生活在 就是句子最后的定于从句。该定语从句较短,可以如爱默生过去常提到的“公共而勤勉的想法”之中 又是另外一回事
黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析 expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 句子分段：But his primary task is not to think about the moral code || which governs his activity，|| any more than a businessman || is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration || of rules of conduct in business. 句子分析： 从宏观框架层面来看，关键是要把握两点：第 一，“which governs his activity”这个定于从 句可以放在被限定的名词前面，译文会显得简练， 当然后置翻译也是可以的；考生最难把握的是 not…any more than…，表示两者类似。所以后 半句话是用类比的方式对前半句话进行说明。 在词义的微观层面上，有些词组需要注意。 moral code 中，code 表示编码，道德编码不同 顺，需要结合汉语表达习惯，译为“道德准则”，“道 德标准”等。dedicate to 表示致力于，如果这个 词组没有准确理解，句子就很难译好。Exploration 是开发探索之意，翻译时需要做一点调整。看见， 考研翻译不仅考察对单词的认知，而且考察根据上 下文作意思转换与引申的能力。 参考译文： 1、但是普通科学家的主要任务并非是思考约 束其行为的道德准则，这正如人们不期望商人致力 于探究商业行为规范。 2、但是普通科学家的主要任务并非思考道德 准则，虽然道德准则约束着他的行为；这正如人们 不指望商人致力于探究商业行为规范。 （50） They may teach very well， and more than earn their salaries， but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. 句子分段：They may teach very well，|| and more than earn their salaries，|| but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems || which involve moral judgment. 句子分析： 本句话相对简单，句子用虽然…但是…的结构 即可从前往后按顺序翻译，为译需要作调整的地方 就是句子最后的定于从句。该定语从句较短，可以 放在先行词前面翻译。 在词义把握的微观层面，要注意 more than 表示不仅仅，超过；little 具有否定意味，不能翻 译为一些等。 参考译文： 1、教师可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅专注于赚 钱，但是大部分教师对涉及人类道德判断的问题很 少或没有进行独立的思考。 全文翻译： 美国的知识分子被他们的所在社会拒绝并不 认为是社会组成的一部分，这一情况属实么？我将 暗示一下这不是真实的情况。当父亲 Bruckbergen 观察发现正是知识分子自己拒绝了 美国，他揭露了一部分真相。但是，他们所做的不 仅限于此。他们逐渐对知识分子的角色感到不满。 正是他们自身，而不是美国，变为了反知识分子。 首先，我们的研究目标是来力求一个定义。什 么是知识分子？我把知识分子定义为这样的个体： 他用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题，并以此作为其 生命中的主要职责与乐趣。他首先提出实际问题， 然后提出道德层面上的问题，最后提出看起来和他 所获得的实际和道德信息相符合的行动建议。通过 这一系列行为来清晰明了真实地探究此类问题。知 识分子的作用与法官的作用类似，后者必须承担用 尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过 程的责任。 该定义排除了多个通常被称为知识分子的个 体――对于个人而言是普通的科学家。我之所以把 普通科学家排除在外，是因为虽然他的成就有助于 解决道德问题，但是他只是触及了这些问题的事实 方面。和其他人类一样，即使在日常例行职责的表 现中也会遇到道德问题――人们并不会要求他可 以烹饪实验，加工事实或医治报告。但是普通科学 家的主要任务并非是思考约束其行为的道德准则， 这正如人们不期望商人致力于探究商业行为规范。 在其大部分的人生中，他将认同他的行为准则，正 如商人认同商人的道德规范。 该定义同样排除了多数教师，尽管事实上，教 育是许多知识分子用来谋生的传统方法。教师可能 擅长教书，而且不仅仅专注于赚钱，但是大部分教 师对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独 立的思考。大部分著名学者甚至都符合这一描述。 在人类知识的某一分支是专家是一回事；而生活在 如爱默生过去常提到的“公共而勤勉的想法”之中 又是另外一回事。 8
力影论坛 age. com 黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析 Text2.2005年试题(全国卷) The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46 Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law. If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment On the one hand it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice democracy and freedom (47)On the other it links th everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalists intellectual preparation for his or her career. 48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special es of the news media Politics or, more broadly the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. ( 49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on Furthermore, the gal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and ers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come upline.那登山队员受过良好的训练 di [派] disciplined a.受过训练的,遵守纪律的 [记]联想记忆:dis(不)+cij(拿)+ine(线) preserve. 不拿老百姓一针一线—纪律 [记]词根记忆:pre(预先)+ serve(保持)— n.纪律,规定[例] Without discipline, there is便于长久保存而预先采取措施—保护,保藏 no method没有规矩,不成方圆 Vt保护,维持[例] preserve one’ s eyesight 学科[例] We will set up a new academic保护视力 discipline in our school我们将在学校设立一门保存,保藏[例] om preserved the meat in 新的理论学科 the fridge汤姆将肉保存在了冰箱里 训练[例] ]The mountaineer has been under腌制例] The local people use smokehouses
黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析 Text2.2005 年试题（全国卷） The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law. If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalists intellectual preparation for his or her career. (48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system. 重点词汇： discipline: [记]联想记忆：dis（不）+cip（拿）+line（线） ——不拿老百姓一针一线——纪律 n．纪律，规定 [例]Without discipline, there is no method.没有规矩，不成方圆。 学科 [例]We will set up a new academic discipline in our school.我们将在学校设立一门 新的理论学科。 训练 [例]The mountaineer has been under perfect discipline. 那登山队员受过良好的训练。 [派]disciplined a.受过训练的，遵守纪律的 preserve: [记]词根记忆：pre（预先）+serve（保持）—— 便于长久保存而预先采取措施——保护，保藏 Vt.保护，维持 [例]preserve one’s eyesight 保护视力 保存，保藏 [例]Tom preserved the meat in the fridge.汤姆将肉保存在了冰箱里。 腌制 [例]The local people use smokehouses 9