What happen if threat persists? Feeling stress Cortex Cortex Thalamus Amygda Hipi ppocampus Hypothalamus fast affective-bodily reaction route Endocrine Autonomic system Slow cognitive nervous system processing route (second alarm) (first alarm) (b) Ledoux, J(1996). The Emotional Brain. NY: Simon schuster
Hippocampus Feeling stress LeDoux, J. (1996). The Emotional Brain. NY: Simon & Schuster. Cortex slow cognitive processing route What happen if threat persists? fast affective-bodily reaction route (second alarm) (first alarm)
What happen if threat persists Prolonged stress leads to chronic elevation of cortisol That results in chronic elevation of blood sugar blood fatty acid and blood pressure, therefore increased risks for Type-2 diabetes cardiovascular and high blood pressure related illnesses Cortisol breaks down large amino acids into glucose, but amino acids are building blocks of body cells, neurons, neurotransmitters antibodies and enzymes. Breaking down basic building blocks will lead to their deficiencies
Prolonged stress leads to chronic elevation of cortisol. That results in chronic elevation of blood sugar, blood fatty acid and blood pressure, therefore, increased risks for Type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular and high blood pressure related illnesses. Cortisol breaks down large amino acids into glucose, but amino acids are building blocks of body cells, neurons, neurotransmitters, antibodies and enzymes. Breaking down basic building blocks will lead to their deficiencies. What happen if threat persists?
Biosynthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin COoH c一NH2 C.,, 酪氨酸(a 色氨酸 Tryptophan ydroxyla H Coc COOH 9,y CHe-Ch i <decarboxy L S-HTP decarboxylase H C-C- NHe ①,y-@ s-hydr。x oparin Figure 4.18 nthesis of serotonin 4,13 Biosynthesis of the catecholamines
Biosynthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin 酪氨酸 色氨酸
What happen if threat persists Prolonged stress leads to chronic elevation of cortisol That results in chronic elevation of blood sugar blood fatty acid and blood pressure, therefore increased risks for Type-2 diabetes cardiovascular and high blood pressure related nesses Cortisol breaks down large amino acids into glucose, but amino acids are building blocks of body cells, neurons, neurotransmitters antibodies and enzymes. breaking down basic building blocks will lead to their deficiencies Chronic elevation of cortisol also damages neurons in our brain, Impairs memory, learning and mood regulation ability
Prolonged stress leads to chronic elevation of cortisol. That results in chronic elevation of blood sugar, blood fatty acid and blood pressure, therefore, increased risks for Type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular and high blood pressure related illnesses. Cortisol breaks down large amino acids into glucose, but amino acids are building blocks of body cells, neurons, neurotransmitters, antibodies and enzymes. Breaking down basic building blocks will lead to their deficiencies. Chronic elevation of cortisol also damages neurons in our brain, impairs memory, learning and mood regulation ability. What happen if threat persists?
Elevated cortisol suppresses neurogenesis and shrinks hippocampus Cingulate Thalamus Sept Hypothalamus ( Paraventricular nucleus secretes CRH) ∈ ppocampus Pituitary gland (secretes ACTH) Cortisol) Amygdala Adrenal CACTH gland LOCus (secretes coeruleus Control Subordinate cortisol) (neurons release FIGURE 8-2 Dendrites Shriveled by Social Stress Stress, Portrait of a Killer: Full Documentary. You Tube(2008)
Elevated cortisol suppresses neurogenesis and shrinks hippocampus Stress, Portrait of a Killer: Full Documentary. YouTube (2008)