上游充通大粤 Contents SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Water environment: Water resources and hydrologic cycle Water quality Drinking water purification Wastewater treatment process Question and discussion: -Drinking water through recycling? O TONG Current situation,challenges and measures of water environment in China
Contents Water environment： ― Water resources and hydrologic cycle ― Water quality ― Drinking water purification ― Wastewater treatment process Question and discussion: ― Drinking water through recycling? Current situation, challenges and measures of water environment in China
Over half the world's population will face severe water shortage in the next 50 years. In 1990.poor water supply and sanitation was the 2nd leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Over 50%of world's major rivers are dry or heavily 195幼 polluted. By 2025,20%more fresh water will be needed for imrigation and 40%more for cities to maintain current per capita water levels. 1995 ·NONTRADITIONAL water resources will need to be used to address these shortages. "Water promises to be to the 21st century what oil was to the 20th century:the precious commodity that determines the wealth of nations." 2025 Fortune Magazine.May 15.2000 非常规性水资源 shortage
非常规性水资源
上游充通大￥ Water resources SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Distribution of Earth's Water Fresh- water 3% Other 0.9% Surface Rivers 2% water Ground 0.3% Swamps 11% water 30.1% Icecaps Saline and Lakes (oceans) Glaciers 87% 97% 68.7% Earth's water Freshwater Fresh surface water (liquid) (1)Surface water(river,lake,stream)-Traditional (2)Groundwater(sub-surface water)-Traditional (3)Oceans (desalination:convert sea water to fresh water)--Nontraditional (4)Frozen water(iceberg)
Water resources (1) Surface water (river, lake, stream)－Traditional (2) Groundwater (sub-surface water)-Traditional (3) Oceans (desalination: convert sea water to fresh water)--Nontraditional (4) Frozen water (iceberg)
上游充通大粤 Natural hydrologic cycle SHANGHALIIAO TONG UNIVERSITY The Water Cycle Water storage in ice and snow Water storage in the atmosphere Condensation Sublimation Precipitation Evapotranspiration Evaporation Surface runoff Snowmelt runoff to streams Streamflow Evaporation Spring Ground-water discharge Freshwater storage Water storage in oceans U.S.Department of the Interlor ≤USGS Ground-water storage U.S.Geological Survey http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html
Natural hydrologic cycle
上游充通大￥ Urban hydrologic cycle SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Water Use Public,industrial,commercial Wastewater Water collection Water reuse distribution (non-traditional water resource) Wastewater Water Treatment Treatment Disposal Withdrawal Water Source sea water Streams,rivers,lakes, and groundwater (non-traditional water resource)
Urban hydrologic cycle Water reuse (non-traditional water resource) sea water (non-traditional water resource)