试卷代号：2157 国家开放大学（中央广播电视大学）2015年秋季学期“开放专科”期末考试 英语阅读(3)试题 2016年1月 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场。监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可离开考场。 二、仔细读懂题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸的指定位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 542
试卷代号 :2157 国家开放大学(中央广播电视大学 )2015 年秋季学期"开放专科"期末考试 英语阅读 (3) 试题 2016 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场。监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可离开考场。 二、仔细读懂题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸的指定位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 542
Part I Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context.The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets.Write A,B,or C on your answer sheet.(30 points,3 points each) Passage 1 Aging Crisis in China 1 "Aging,says Alex Kalche,Head of the Programme on Aging at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,"is the number one problem in the world.And if it is not addressed now,there will be serious consequences.It is the "number one problem"because the numbers of people over 60-and particularly those over 80-are growing fast.The rapid aging trend in China's population also poses immediate challenges to Chinese society. How can China face this challenge?As the social structure changes in terms of demographics,so will tradition. 2 In 1959 there were 200 million people over 60 in the world,accounting for 8 percent of the total population.It is predicted that in China,by 2000,the number of retired people will be several times that of the mid-90's.In 2020 they will have increased by several times again.The problem is that as more and more people live longer and their numbers increase both in actual numbers and relative to the general population,there will be fewer people to care for them.The dependency ratio,as it is called,is also affected by the fact that women, who have been the traditional caretakers of the elderly,are becoming more career-oriented and are not at home to care for their parents. 3 One solution is senior homes.Traditionally,it is considered a Chinese virtue for children to take care of their parents.But if people are working long hours,older parents feel lonely at home.At senior citizen centres,they can get good care from the nurses,who are also willing to listen to their stories."When I first came here,I complained about my daughter's decision.But gradually,I began to like this place,"Wei Wenkuei,86,said. "The nurses are more attentive than a house maid,and the food is good."Wei is staying at the Peixin Senior Citizens Centre in Nanshi District.There are only three senior centres in 543
Part 1 Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context. The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets. Write A , B, or C on your answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points each) Passage 1 Aging Crisis in China "Aging ," says Alex Kalche , Head of the Programme on Aging at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , "is the number one problem in the world. And if it is not addressed now. there wi11 be serious consequences. " It is the "number one problem" because the numbers of people over 60 - and particularly those over 80 - are growing fast. The rapid aging trend in China' s population also poses immediate challenges to Chinese society. How can China face this challenge? As the social structure changes in terms of demographics, so will tradition. 2 In 1959 there were 200 million people over 60 in the world , accounting for 8 percent of the total population. lt is predicted that in China , by 2000 , the number of retired people will be several times that of the mid-90' s. ln 2020 they will have increased by several times again. The problem is that as more and more people live longer and their numbers increase both in actual numbers and relative to the general populatio口， there will be fewer people to care for them. The dependency ratio , as it is called , is also aHected by the fact that women , who have been the traditional caretakers of the elderly , are becoming more career-oriented and are not at home to care for their parents. 3 One solution is senior homes. Traditionally , it is considered a Chinese virtue for children to take care of their parents. But if people are working long hours, older parents feel lonely at home. At senior citizen centres, they can get good care from the nurses , who are also willing to listen to their stories. "When 1 first came he町， 1 complained about my daughter' s decision. But gradually , J began to like this place ," W ei W enkuei ，邸， said. "The nurses are more attentive than a house maid , and the food is good. " Wei is staying at the Peixin Senior Citizens Centre in Nanshi District. There are only three senior centres in 543
the Dongjiadu Neighbourhood in Nanshi District,which is not enough for more than 20,000 people over the age of 60.However,the neighbourhood has about 15,000 laid-off women workers who are eager for jobs,and the area expects to open several new centres in the near future.The government is not only encouraging individuals to run senior citizen's homes, but the government itself is building centres. 4 Some say that these homes isolate the elderly from the rest of society and that keeping an intergenerational bond is necessary for a rich,wise society.Another model which helps old people to live more independently is known as "care in the community."A unique example of this is the "SOS Bells for the Elderly"system which was introduced in Changqiao Neighbourhood in the Western District in 1996,and has proved successful.Families were encouraged to volunteer to form mutual help "pairs"with elderly people who had no children nearby to care for them.Bells were affixed at the bedside of lonely and ill senior citizens and connected to the home of the "pair household."When the bell rings,the helper goes at once.In May 1997,the Beijing Committee for the Elderly had emergency bells installed in 297 homes in Beijing's 10 districts. 5 Although larger social welfare system reform needs to be undertaken,these changes in the traditional way of caring for old people show a China which is ready and willing to deal with change in a creative way..Now that“over-population”and“the aging crisis'”are seen as problems by modern society world-wide,it is important that the elderly are not ignored, alienated or mistreated,but rather treasured for their great store of experience.These are problems that need thoughtful solutions. Questions 1-10 are based on Passage 1. 1.addressed (paragraph 1) A.discussed B.solved· C.named 2.consequences (paragraph 1) A.results B.reasons C.problems 544
the Dongjiadu Neighbourhood in Nanshi District , which is not enough for more than 20 ,000 people over the age of 60. However, the neighbourhood has about 15 , 000 laid-off women workers who are eager for jobs, and the area expects to open several new centres in the near future. The government is not only encouraging individuals to run senior citizen' s homes, but the government itself is building centres. 4 Some say that these homes isolate the elderly from the rest of society and that keeping an intergenerational bond is necessary for a rich , wise society. Another model which helps old people to live more independently is known as "care in the community. " A unique example of this is the "sos Bel1s for the Elderly" system which was introduced in Changqiao Neighbourhood in the Western District in 1996 , and has proved successful. Families were encouraged to volunteer to form mutual help "pairs" with elderly people who had no children nearby to care for them. Bclls were aHixed at the bedside of lonely and ill senior citizens and connected to the home of the "pair household. " When the bell rings, the helper goes at once. In May 1997 , the Beijing Committee for the Elderly had emergency bells installed in 297 homes in Beijing's 10 dístricts. 5 Although larger social welfare system reform needs to be undertaken , these changes in the traditional way of caring for old people show a China which is ready and willing to deal with change in a creative way. Now that "over-population" and "the aging crisis" are seen as problems by modern society world-wide , it is important that the elderly are not ignored , alienated or mistreated , but rather treasured for their great store of experience. These are problems that need thoughtful solutions. Questions 一- 1 0 are based on Passage 1. 1. addressed (paragraph 1) A. discussed C. named 2. consequences (paragraph 1) A. results C. problems 544 B. solved. B. reasons
3.accounting for (paragraph 2) A.giving explanations B.coming from C.taking up 4.care for (paragraph 2) A.like B.take care of C.pay attention to 5.affected (paragraph 2) A.influenced B.decreased C.increased 6.willing (paragraph 3) A.eager B.unhappy C.prepared 7.attentive (paragraph 3) A.careless B.caring C.hard-working 8.run (paragraph 3) A.join B.manage C.move fast 9.isolate...from (paragraph 4) A.separate...from B.prevent...from C.take...from 10.mistreated (paragraph 5) A.treat well B.treat carefully C.treat badly PartⅡ Read Passage 2 and choose either A,B or C to complete each of the following statements.Write A,B or C on your answer sheet.(30 points,3 points each) Passage 2 Data on Ocean Floors 1 At the water's edge of Baltimore Harbor,two freshly painted gray ships await to be sent out on their next mission.These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. 545
3. accounting for (paragraph 2) A. giving explanations C. taking up 4. care for (paragraph 2) A. like C. pay attention to 5. aHected (paragraph 2) A. influenced C. increased 6. willing (paragraph 3) A. eager C. prepared 7. attentive (paragraph 3) A. careless C. hard-working 8. run (paragraph 3) A. join C. move fast 9. isolate. .. from (paragraph 4) A. separate... from C. take... from 10. mistreated (paragraph 5) A. treat well C. treat badly Part II B. coming from B. take care of B. decreased B. unhappy B. caring B. manage B. prevent... from B. trea t caref ully Read Passage 2 and choose either A, B or C to complete each of the following statements. Write A, B or C on your answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points each) Passage 2 Data on Ocean Floors 1 At the water' s edge of Baltimorc Harbor, two freshly painted gray ships await to be sent out on their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution. 545
They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand for Internet,voice and video services,projected to be a $1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000.The two ships,C.S.Global Link and its companion the C.S.Global Mariner,are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cables.They are part of a worldwide fleet,owned by Tyco International Ltd.,that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company. 2 Most of the world's telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair-thin capillaries of glass,which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor.In constant pulses of light,coded in the computer language of ones and zeros,they flash millions of phone calls,electronic mail messages,video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed. 3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of today's communications-based global economy,despite mid-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete. 4 "Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea, and that their calls actually go through them,"said Rob Jones,captain of the C.S.Global Link.There are 228,958 miles (368,472 kilometers)of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the world's sea,enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times,according to KMI Corp.of Rhode Island.Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000,KMI estimates. 5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program,Project Oxygen,which backers describe as a $14 billion "Super Internet"that would pay out 198,844 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries.Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is"the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century,said President John Kestrel of KMI.The internet is a major driver of the expansion.The second driver is the need for video transmissions. 6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom.Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and governments are opening their markets to competition.Chinese officials,for example, cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and 546
They are wìrìng the world to meet the explosìve and seemìngly lìmitless demand for Internet , voìce and vìdeo servìces, projected to be a $ 1 trìllìon-a-year global market by 2000. The two shìps, C. S. Global Lìnk and its companion the C. S. Global Mariner, are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of layìng undersea fiber-optìc communications cables. They are part of a worldwide fleet , owned by Tyco Internatìonal Ltd. , that has installed more transoceanic fìber than any other company. 2 Most of the world' s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these haìr-thìn capillaries of glass, which stretch from one continent to another along the ocean floor. In constant pulses of light , coded in the computer language of ones and zeros, they flash millions of phone calls, electronic mail messages, video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed. 3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of today' s communìcations-based global economy , despite mìd-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete. 4 "Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea , and that their calls actually go through them," said Rob ] ones, captain of the C. S. Global Link. There are 228 , 958 miles (368 , 472 kilometers) of fiber-optìc cable on the floors of the world's sea , enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times, according to KMI Corp. of Rhode Island. Another 177 , 717 mìles of cable are planned for installatìon worldwide by 2000 , KMI estl lates. 5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program , Project Oxygen , which backers describe as a $ 11 billion "Super Internet" that would pay out 198 , 841 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries. Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003. Project Oxygen is "the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century ," said President ] ohn Kestrel of KMl. The internet is a major driver of the expansion. The second driver is the need for video transmissions. 6 Global deregulation of telecommunications markets is also playing a key role in th subsea fiber boom. Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and governments are openìng their markets to competitìon. Chinese officials , for example , cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and 546