B Adiabatic system and Isolated system::::: 绝热系统和孤立系统 Adiabatic system is that no heat cross the boundary or heat is negligible compared with the work cross the boundary 绝热系统与外界之间无热量交换 Isolated system is a special case that no mass and energy cross the boundary. 孤立系统与外界之间无任何物质和能量交换 www.themegallery.com Company Logo
www.themegallery.com Company Logo Adiabatic system is that no heat cross the boundary or heat is negligible compared with the work cross the boundary 绝热系统与外界之间无热量交换 Isolated system is a special case that no mass and energy cross the boundary. 孤立系统与外界之间无任何物质和能量交换 B. Adiabatic system and Isolated system 绝热系统和孤立系统
l→ open systen 1+2→ closed system +2+3→ adiabatic clos ystem 1+2+3+4→ isolated system 3 非孤立系+相关外界 www.themegallery.com =孤立系
www.themegallery.com Company Logo 1 2 4 3 mQ W 1 open system 非孤立系＋相关外界 ＝孤立系 1+2 closed system 1+2+3 adiabatic closed system 1+2+3+4 isolated system
(2)In terms of internal condition of the system Physical and Even System均匀系 Chemical Properties Uneven System非均匀系 (物理化学性质) Single su bstance 其它分类方式 Number of system单元系 Working medius multi substance 工质种类 system多元系 Single phase单相 Phase 相态 Multiple phase多相 www.themegallery.com Company Logo
www.themegallery.com Company Logo （2）In terms of internal condition of the system 其它分类方式 Physical and Chemical Properties (物理化学性质) Even System 均匀系 Uneven System非均匀系 Number of Working medium 工质种类 multi substance system 多元系 Single substance system 单元系 Phase 相态 Multiple Phase 多相 Single Phase 单相
81.2 State and State Properties....... 状态及状态参数 1 State The state reveals the physical condition of a system 状态:某一瞬间热力系所呈现的宏观状况 2. Property(状态参数) (1) Properties are used to depict any characteristics of a system 状态参数:描述系统宏观物理状况的物理量,简称参数 such as Pressure p(压力), temperature T(温度) volume v(体积), assr(质量), internal energy U(内能), enthalpy(焓), entropy(熵), viscosity(粘度) thermal conductivity(导热系数)。 www.themegallery.com Company Logo
www.themegallery.com Company Logo §1.2 State and State Properties 状态及状态参数 1. State The state reveals the physical condition of a system. 状态：某一瞬间热力系所呈现的宏观状况 2. Property （状态参数） （1）Properties are used to depict any characteristics of a system. 状态参数：描述系统宏观物理状况的物理量,简称参数 such as Pressure P （压力），temperature T（温度）， volume V（体积），mass m（质量）， internal energy U（内能），enthalpy（焓）， entropy（熵）， viscosity（粘度）， thermal conductivity（导热系数）
00 (2)Characteristics of State Properties 状态参数的特征 a Properties of a state are determined by the state If the state is specified, its properties are fixed, or vise versa 状态确定,则状态参数也确定,反之亦然 2 The magnitude of the change in property is independent of the path (route), but just depend on the initial and final states. 状态参数的积分特征:状态参数的变化量与路径无关,只与初终态有关 x www.themegallery.com Company Logo
www.themegallery.com Company Logo （2） Characteristics of State Properties 状态参数的特征 ① Properties of a state are determined by the state. If the state is specified, its properties are fixed, or vise versa. 状态确定，则状态参数也确定，反之亦然 ② The magnitude of the change in property is independent of the path (route), but just depend on the initial and final states. 状态参数的积分特征：状态参数的变化量与路径无关，只与初终态有关 2 1 2 1 dx x x x x = −