Nuclear Energy Application Propulsion of submarines and other vessels for the US NAvy Shippingport, Pennsylvania in 1957 First production of electricity for the civilian market From 1953 to 1978.253 nuclear ractors are ordered in the us But 11 8 of those orders were canceled The generating capacity of the 135 reactors was 114G We In the US, there have been no new orders placed for power ractors since 1978 复旦大学环境科学与工程系 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
Nuclear Energy Shippingport, Pennsylvania in 1957 First production of electricity for the civilian market. Application: Propulsion of submarines and other vessels for the US. NAvy. From 1953 to 1978, 253 nuclear ractors are ordered in the US, But 118 of those orders were canceled. The generating capacity of the 135 reactors was 114GWe. In the US, there have been no new orders placed for power ractors since 1978
Boiling Water Nuclear Plant Steel liner (containment) Shield building Drewe Steam Turbine Generator Reacto vessel Condenser Water Cooli water Pressure suppression pool Figure 6.3 A diagram of a boiling water reactor power plant Steam is produced in the reactor vessel and flows at high pressure to the turbine after the steam is condensed to water at the low-pressure side of the turbine, the water is recirculated through a pump to the reactor core. The components of the reactor containment building are discussed in the text Source: A. V. Nero, Jr, A Guidebook to Nuclear Reactors, Berkeley: University of California Press. 1979 复旦大学环境科学与工程系 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
Boiling Water Nuclear Plant
Boiling Water reactor (to turbine) (from condenser) Steam from condenser) Recirculation Recirculation Figure 6.4 A detailed view of a boiling-water reactor core and surrounding components (Based on WASH-1250) 复旦大学环境科学与工程系 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
Boiling Water Reactor
Characteristics of Boiling Water Reactor Plant electrical output 1220 MWe Plant efficiency 34% Core diameter 193in. Core(or fuel rod) active length 150in. Core power density 54 kw per liter Cladding material for fuel rods Zircaloy-2 Fuel material Fuel pellet size 0.4 in dia. X 0. 4 in. long Number of fuel rods 46.376 Control rod type Cruciform"control rods inserted from bottom Number of control rods 177 Amount of fuel (UO2) 342,000lb Coolant material Water Coolant 1040bin2 Coolant temperature 551°F(288°C) Fresh fuel enrichment Spent fuel assay 0.8%235U,0.6%2924Pu Refueling sequence About 1/4 of fuel per year Vessel wall thickness Vessel wall material Manganese-molybdenum-nickel steel Vessel diameter 20 ft Vessel height 70 ft Source: Adapted from General Electric specifications 复旦大学环境科学与工程系 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
Characteristics of Boiling Water Reactor
Nuclear Energy Radioactivity Almost all of the fission products are radioactive, as are the nuclear fuels uranium and plutonium It is also true. to some degree, that our food the air our natural surroundings, and even our bodies are radioactive For our purpose. radioactive refers to an atomic nucleus that is unstable. It can spontaneously decay, most commonly becoming a nucleus of another element, and emit an energetic electron or alpha particle in the process 复旦大学环境科学与工程系 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
Nuclear Energy Radioactivity Almost all of the fission products are radioactive, as are the nuclear fuels uranium and plutonium. It is also true, to some degree, that our food, the air, our natural surroundings, and even our bodies are radioactive. For our purpose , radioactive refers to an atomic nucleus that is unstable. It can spontaneously decay, most commonly becoming a nucleus of another element, and emit an energetic electron or alpha particle in the process