Chapter 2 Speech Sounds A. Phonetics B. Phonology
Chapter 2 Speech Sounds A. Phonetics B. Phonology
A Phonetics 2 Speech production and perception 2.2 Speech organs(vocal organs 2.3 Segments, divergences and phonetic transcription 2.4 Consonants 2.5 Vowels 2.6 Coarticulation and phonetic transcription
A. Phonetics 2.1 Speech production and perception 2.2 Speech organs (vocal organs) 2.3 Segments, divergences and phonetic transcription 2.4 Consonants 2.5 Vowels 2.6 Coarticulation and phonetic transcription
2.1 Speech production perception J Speech and writing are two medla used by natur languages as vehicles for communication. Of the 2 media of language, speech is more basic than writing We first begin with the study of sounds, which is called 'phonetics' and then go on to the study of sound patterns called 'phonology The study of sounds is divided into 3 areas (1)Articulatory phonetics (2) Auditory phonetics (3)Acoustic phonetics
2.1 Speech production & perception ▪ Speech and writing are two media used by natural languages as vehicles for communication. Of the 2 media of language, speech is more basic than writing. ▪ We first begin with the study of sounds, which is called ‘phonetics’ and then go on to the study of sound patterns called ‘phonology’. ▪ The study of sounds is divided into 3 areas: (1) Articulatory phonetics (2) Auditory phonetics (3) Acoustic phonetics
2.2 Speech organs(vocal organs The vocal organs consist mainly of the lungs, windpipe, the throat,the nose and the mouth Three resonating cavities (1)The pharyngeal cavity-The vocal cords(vocal folds)are either (a) apart(b) close together or(c) totally closed When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is voiceless. Eg: [p][t][s When they are close together, the air stream causes them to vibrate against each other and the sound produced is voiced. Eg: [b][d[z When they are totally closed, no air can pass between them and the result is the glottal stop(? ) Thus the sound is inaudible, but it has its effect on surrounding segment. In English it is often occurs initially to produce a word like idiot which begins with a vowel (2). The oral civity- The tongue. (the tip, the blade, the front, the back and the root), the soft palate (velum), the hard palate, the uvula, the alveolar ridge, the teeth and the lips (3)The nasal cav The soft palate may be lowered so that the air can go through the nasal cavity, then the sound produced will have a nasal resonance called a nasal
2.2 Speech organs (vocal organs) The vocal organs consist mainly of the lungs, windpipe, the throat, the nose and the mouth. ▪ Three resonating cavities (1) The pharyngeal cavity--The vocal cords (vocal folds) are either (a) apart (b) close together or (c) totally closed ▪ When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is voiceless.Eg: [p] [t] [s] ▪ When they are close together, the air stream causes them to vibrate against each other and the sound produced is voiced. Eg: [b] [d] [z] ▪ When they are totally closed, no air can pass between them and the result is the glottal stop (?). Thus the sound is inaudible, but it has its effect on surrounding segment. In English it is often occurs initially to produce a word like idiot which begins with a vowel. (2) The oral cavity--The tongue (the tip, the blade, the front, the back and the root), the soft palate (velum), the hard palate, the uvula, the alveolar ridge, the teeth and the lips. (3) The nasal cavity--The soft palate may be lowered so that the air can go through the nasal cavity, then the sound produced will have a nasal resonance called a nasal
The Vocal tract(声道 NASAL CAVITY velum ORALICAVI (soit palate) TONGUE
The Vocal Tract (声道)