Highest energy Lowest energy Wavelength (nm) 10-2 10P 102 10 10的 108 1010 102 Gamma i Ulra- ray X-ray iviolet Inirared Microwave Radio frequency 1020 1018 106 104 102 1010 109 10的 104 Frequency (s-1) 400 500 600 700 750nm Visible region
Mass Spectrometry ions that are too heavy MAGNET ion bend too little beam flight tube insulator only ions of the right mass electron can enter the detector beam ions that are too light ion bend too much detector slits source slits detector to vacuum pump accelerator plate probe sample recorder
Mass Spectrometry
Detector lightest 2 heater to vapourise sample 3 electron beam ionises charged particle beam ① sample Z inject sample heaviest ⑤ magnetic field separates particles electron based on mass/charge ratio source 4 particles accelerated into magnetic field magnet
Only Cations are Detected ESI Spray Droplets with Charged plates Excess Charge on Surface 倒 Mass Nebulizer gas ⊕ Spectrometer ⊕© Nebulizer needle- Solvent/sample 8o88 Nebulizer gas 我 Capillary Entrance 2-5kV Power supply
Only Cations are Detected
lonization to Radical Cation Molecular Ion (m) ionisation fragmentation M M+ mI m2 radical cati on radical cati on 22 molecule molecular fragment ion ion
Ionization to Radical Cation Molecular Ion (m+ )