从色谱流出曲线中，可以得到许多重要信息： Nomenclature of Chromatographic separation ●Judge the number of the components included a mixture based on the number of peaks ●Qualitative analysis based on the rotention value of chromatographic peak ●Quantitative analysis based on areas or heights of chromatographic peaks ●Rotention value and peak width of chromatographic peaks is the basic to evaluate separation efficiency of chromatographic column ●色谱峰两峰间的距离，是评价固定相（或流动相）选择 是否合适的依据
从色谱流出曲线中，可以得到许多重要信息： Nomenclature of Chromatographic separation ●Judge the number of the components included a mixture based on the number of peaks ●Qualitative analysis based on the rotention value of chromatographic peak ●Quantitative analysis based on areas or heights of chromatographic peaks ●Rotention value and peak width of chromatographic peaks is the basic to evaluate separation efficiency of chromatographic column ●色谱峰两峰间的距离，是评价固定相（或流动相）选择 是否合适的依据
§2.2 Theoretical foundation of gas chromatographic analysis 2.2.1Gas solid or Gas liquid chromatography Capillary column（毛细管柱）:The column has internal diameter of less than one mm, and inner wall of the column is usually coated with a film of stationary liquid Chromatographic column Packed column(填充柱）: Packed stationary usually made from metal materials (copper or stainless steel) or glass, with a height of 0.5-10m and inside diameter of 2-6mm. U-shape or screwy(螺旋形） Stationary phase Gas-solid chromatography（气-固色谱）: porous solid materials or adsorptive particles with higher surface area Mechanism: Adsorption & Elution (desorption) Gas-liquid chromatography（气-液色谱）:Chemical inert solid particles(担体, support) coated with a film of organic chemical of high-boiling point（Stationary liquid,固定液） Mechanism: Dissolution & volatilization
§2.2 Theoretical foundation of gas chromatographic analysis 2.2.1Gas solid or Gas liquid chromatography Capillary column（毛细管柱）:The column has internal diameter of less than one mm, and inner wall of the column is usually coated with a film of stationary liquid Chromatographic column Packed column(填充柱）: Packed stationary usually made from metal materials (copper or stainless steel) or glass, with a height of 0.5-10m and inside diameter of 2-6mm. U-shape or screwy(螺旋形） Stationary phase Gas-solid chromatography（气-固色谱）: porous solid materials or adsorptive particles with higher surface area Mechanism: Adsorption & Elution (desorption) Gas-liquid chromatography（气-液色谱）:Chemical inert solid particles(担体, support) coated with a film of organic chemical of high-boiling point（Stationary liquid,固定液） Mechanism: Dissolution & volatilization
§2.2 Theoretical foundation of gas chromatographic analysis Partition Coefficient(K): Concentration ratio of the component in stationary phase and mobile phase when the partition process arrives at equilibrium under given temperature. K = Concentration of the component in stationary phase Concentration of the component in mobile phase = cS /cM Gas chromatographic analysis based on the difference of the partition coefficients of different substances Partition Process:Adsorption, elution, and dissolution, volatilization process of the substances between stationary phase and mobile phase
§2.2 Theoretical foundation of gas chromatographic analysis Partition Coefficient(K): Concentration ratio of the component in stationary phase and mobile phase when the partition process arrives at equilibrium under given temperature. K = Concentration of the component in stationary phase Concentration of the component in mobile phase = cS /cM Gas chromatographic analysis based on the difference of the partition coefficients of different substances Partition Process:Adsorption, elution, and dissolution, volatilization process of the substances between stationary phase and mobile phase
§2.2 Theoretical foundation of gas chromatographic analysis Partition ratio (capacity factor, capacity ratio, k): Mass ratio of the component in two phases when partition process arrives at equilibrium under given temperature and pressure k = mS / mM mS refers to mass of the component distributed in stationary phase, mS mass of the component distributed in mobile phase Relationship between k and K K = cS /cM= (mS /VS ) / (mM / VM) =k VM/ VS = kb
§2.2 Theoretical foundation of gas chromatographic analysis Partition ratio (capacity factor, capacity ratio, k): Mass ratio of the component in two phases when partition process arrives at equilibrium under given temperature and pressure k = mS / mM mS refers to mass of the component distributed in stationary phase, mS mass of the component distributed in mobile phase Relationship between k and K K = cS /cM= (mS /VS ) / (mM / VM) =k VM/ VS = kb
VM refers to mobile phase volume in column, that is,柱 内固定相颗粒间的空隙 (lacuna）体积 。 VS Stationary phase volume in column (在气-液色谱中为 固定液体积，气-固色谱中为吸附剂的表面容量。 Phase ratio(相比，b): VM / VS, 反映各种色谱柱柱型及其 结构特征 Packing column: 6-35, Capillary column: 50-1500
VM refers to mobile phase volume in column, that is,柱 内固定相颗粒间的空隙 (lacuna）体积 。 VS Stationary phase volume in column (在气-液色谱中为 固定液体积，气-固色谱中为吸附剂的表面容量。 Phase ratio(相比，b): VM / VS, 反映各种色谱柱柱型及其 结构特征 Packing column: 6-35, Capillary column: 50-1500